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緊張因素、利社會行為與青少年偏差行為之研究

2020.第48卷第2期(Vol. 48 No. 2).pp. 157–180

 

緊張因素、利社會行為與青少年偏差行為之研究

Strain Factors, Prosocial Behaviors and Deviant Behaviors

郭玲玲、董旭英(Ling-Ling KUEH & Yuk-Ying TUNG)

摘要

本研究探討青少年偏差行為發生的影響因素,具體目的包括:(1)探討偏差行為作為青少年面對緊張和壓力時的對應方式,是否在考量個人利社會行為效應後而有所改變,藉此回應一般化緊張理論所提出緊張因素對偏差行為的影響必須考慮其他社會因素;(2)透過零膨脹負二項迴歸模式,釐清緊張因素和利社會行為在解釋青少年偏差行為「發生」機率和「發展」頻率的角色。研究對象為台南市中學生,有效樣本1,058人。研究發現:一旦考量了利社會行為後,負面生活事件對偏差行為有具體的影響,愈多負面生活事件發生,偏差行為的頻率愈高。當青少年偏差行為受到緊張因素所引起的負面情境影響時,不同的利社會行為則於其中分別扮演抑制與觸發、降低與增強偏差行為的關鍵角色,即從事愈多志願服務,愈能抑制偏差行為的發生,愈多助人行為,卻愈能觸發偏差行為發生;合作行為的程度愈高,愈降低偏差行為,愈多關懷行為,則愈增強偏差行為的頻率。本研究根據研究目的和實徵證據支持的結果,提供相關的教育輔導實務和未來研究上的建議。

關鍵詞:青少年偏差行為;緊張因素;利社會行為;零膨脹負二項迴歸模式

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the relations between strain factors, prosocial behaviors and deviant behaviors. The objectives included: (a) considering the effects of prosocial behaviors, adolescents experiencing strains might engage in less deviant behaviors; (2) zero-inflation negative binomial regression is used to analyze factors that influence the likelihood and frequency of deviant behaviors. Research participants were 1,058 students in Tainan. The findings showed that negative life events increased the likelihood of deviant behaviors. Helping and voluntary service influenced the likelihood of deviant behaviors. Cooperation and caring impacted the frequency of deviant behaviors. The implications of these findings, including counselling and analyzing methods, were discussed, and future research directions were suggested.

Keywords: deviant behavior; strain factors; prosocial behavior; zero-inflated negative binomial model