Musical Instrument
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- Khawng meng
- Diameter: 22 cm Height: 5 cm, 直徑：22 厘米 高：5 厘米, The khawng meng is a small circular rimmed tuned gong from Thailand at about 22cm in diameter. Also known as Thai nippled gong, the bronze khawng meng is a thick, bossed gong with a deep lip-flange, similar to the kettle gongs of Java and Bali. It is suspended from a short wooden handle and beaten with a rectangular piece of wood. It is used in funeral ceremonies in the bua loi ensemble., Khawng meng，是泰國一種圓盤狀的小鑼，直徑約 22 厘米。鑼為銅製，呈坡形，中心突起如乳狀，又稱為泰國乳頭鑼，狀似爪哇和 峇里島的定音鑼。Khawng meng 置放在木框上，用木製鑼槌敲擊，多用於葬禮儀式中的 bua loi 合奏。
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- 京胡
- Length: 37.5 cm width: 7.5 cm Length of bow: 32 cm, 京胡長：37.5 厘米 京胡寬：7.5 厘米 弓長：32 厘米, The Jinghu (京胡), a two-string fiddle, belongs to a family of bowed lutes known as huqin (胡琴). It was developed in the late 18th century when Jingju (京劇, Peking opera) evolved. Since it is commonly used in Jingju, it is named as \u201cJinghu\u201d. The timbre of the Jinghu, which is made of bamboo, is sharp and piercing, in contrast to the more mellow and sonorous jing erhu, which is made of wood and is an octave lower. The bow is of horsehair, supported by a bamboo stem. The bow hair is inserted between the two strings., 京胡是兩弦的拉弦樂器，是胡琴的一種。18 世紀晚期，隨著京劇的形成，這種用於京劇伴奏，從胡琴的基礎改制而成的樂器便稱作「京胡」。竹製的京胡音色清脆，與音色醇厚的木製京二胡比較，兩者音域相差八度。琴弓用馬毛製作，輔以竹材，置放在兩弦之間。
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- 古琴
- Length: 123 cm Effective chord length (隱間): 113 cm Head width: 19.3 cm Shoulder width: 19.3 cm, 琴長：123 厘米 隱間：113 厘米 琴額：寬 19.3 厘米 琴肩：寬 19.3 厘米, The guqin (古琴), also known as qin (琴), is a seven-string plucked zither of China. It has a history of over three thousand years and is favoured by scholars and literati. The guqin is constructed by two wooden boards together. The top and convex board serves as a fretless fingerboard. 13 studs (hui) are marked longitudinally on this board with mother-of-pearl, jade, or other hard material to indicate the points at which harmonics and stopped notes can be produced. Being a very quiet instrument, it is usually performed in a small room. There are three characteristic tones in a guqin performance: san yin (散音, scattered sound), fan yin (泛音, overtune harmonics), and an yin (按音, changing sounds). The inscription inside the guqin in the Rulan Chao Pian Collection informs that the qin was re-made by the renowned guqin maker, Lei Wei, in the second year of Kaiyuan period (714 A.D.), Tang dynasty. However, MRI inspection of the wood of the guqin suggests that the qin was made in the Ming dynasty (1368-1644)., 古琴，又稱琴，是中國一種七弦的彈撥樂器，已有三千多年歷史，備受文人雅士的青睞。古琴由兩段木板拼合而成，琴體的弧形面板是指板，琴面上有13顆由珍珠母、玉石或其他堅硬的材料製成的琴徽，是彈撥泛音的標示。這種「平靜的樂器」適宜在小房間演奏。古琴有三種音色，散音、泛音和按音。卞趙如蘭教授所贈的古琴，其龍池內有銘文：「大唐開元二年蘭庵主人得梓材古琴雷威重斲」。可是，古琴的木材透過磁力共振檢測，估計斲造年代為明朝 （1368-1644）。
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- 嗩吶
- Length of the suona: 33 cm Length of wooden body: 21.5 cm Length of metal bell: 7 cm Diameter of metal bell: 8.5 cm, 長：33 厘米 木製雉形管：長 21.5 厘米 喇叭：長 7 厘米 金屬喇叭：直徑 8.5 cm, The suona (嗩吶) is a shawm of the Han Chinese. Introduced from Central or West Asia, the name is a transliteration of the Arabic zūrnā. One of the contemporary popular names is laba (喇叭), meaning a long metal horn. The suona has seven frontal finger-holes and one thumb-hole. A large flaring metal bell loosely fits over the lower end. In performance, the player\u2019s mouth completely encloses the reed without touching it. The suona has a bright tone color and is particularly suitable for outdoor occasions, for instance village wedding and funeral processions., 嗩吶是中國漢族的吹管樂器，相傳從中亞或西亞傳入並改良而成，名字是阿拉伯語 zūrnā的音譯。當今流行的一種稱謂是「喇叭」，即長長的銅管樂器。嗩吶的管身有七個指孔在正面，一個拇指孔在背面，下端套着一個銅製喇叭口稱為「碗」。演奏者用嘴巴含住蘆葦製的哨子，吹氣使之發聲。嗩吶音色明亮，適合戶外演奏，多見於民間婚、葬等紅白大事。
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- 塔布拉鼓
- Height: 29.5 cm Diameter of drumhead: 23 cm Diameter of the bottom of the drum: 8 cm, 高：29.5 厘米 鼓面：直徑 23 厘米 鼓底：直徑 8 厘米, The tablā is a pair of tuned and hand-played drums originated from the North and Central India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. It is the principal drum of modern Hindustani music. It is often played in an asymmetrical pair, with the right hand playing the tablā or the Dayan, a treble drum, and the left hand playing the ḍuggī or the Bayan, a bass kettle drum. The drum in the Rulan Chao Pian Collection is the Bayan. Its body is made of chrome-plated copper. In the center of the top goatskin, there is a black spot called GAB. It is made from a paste of mainly rice flour and iron filings., 塔布拉鼓是由一對單面手鼓組成的打擊樂器，源自印度的中部和北部、巴基斯坦及孟加拉等地，是現代北印度古典音樂的主鼓。敲打塔布拉鼓時，一般會用右手打較小的高音鼓，稱為「tablā」或「Dayan」；左手打較大的低音鼓，稱為「ḍuggī」或「Bayan」。卞趙如蘭教授所贈的塔布拉鼓是「Bayan」，鼓體用銅造。羊皮鼓面的中心有一個由米和鐵粉製成的黑色圓盤，稱為「GAB」。
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- 大正琴（鳳凰琴）
- Length: 61 cm Width: 13.5 cm Depth: 8 cm, 琴長：61 厘米 琴寬：13.5 厘米 高：8 厘米, The zither instrument Taishō Koto (大正琴), also known as Fenghuang qin (鳳凰琴) in China, was invented in Japan in early Taishō period with reference to the key mechanism in a typewriter. It was later introduced to China. The number of strings a Taishō Koto ranges from 4 to 6. Keys are inscribed with numbers to represent pitches. A player presses the keys with his left hand, while his right hand plucks the strings with a pick. The Taishō Koto in the Rulan Chao Pian Collection has 5 strings and 23 keys. It was made by Tianjin No.1 Musical Instrument Production Cooperative（天津市第一樂器生產合作社）., 大正琴，在中國又稱鳳凰琴，是日本大正時期以打字機的按鍵為靈感發明的樂器，後來傳入中國。大正琴的琴弦有四至六根不等，琴鍵上有數字表示音階，演奏時左手按鍵，右手用撥片撥弦發聲。卞趙如蘭教授所贈的大正琴有五根琴弦和二十三個琴鍵，由天津巿第一樂器生產合作社製造。
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- 大正琴（鳳凰琴）
- Length: 61 cm Width: 13.5 cm Depth: 8 cm, 琴長：61 厘米 琴寬：13.5 厘米 高：8 厘米, The zither instrument Taishō Koto (大正琴), also known as Fenghuang qin (鳳凰琴) in China, was invented in Japan in early Taishō period with reference to the key mechanism in a typewriter. It was later introduced to China. The number of strings a Taishō Koto ranges from 4 to 6. Keys are inscribed with numbers to represent pitches. A player presses the keys with his left hand, while his right hand plucks the strings with a pick. The Taishō Koto in the Rulan Chao Pian Collection has 5 strings and 23 keys. It was made by Tianjin No.1 Musical Instrument Production Cooperative（天津市第一樂器生產合作社）., 大正琴，在中國又稱鳳凰琴，是日本大正時期以打字機的按鍵為靈感發明的樂器，後來傳入中國。大正琴的琴弦有四至六根不等，琴鍵上有數字表示音階，演奏時左手按鍵，右手用撥片撥弦發聲。卞趙如蘭教授所贈的大正琴有五根琴弦和二十三個琴鍵，由天津巿第一樂器生產合作社製造。
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- 扁鼓
- Diameter: 37.5 cm Height: 16.3 cm, 鼓面：直徑 37.5 厘米 高：16.3 厘米, Decoration: One side of the drum has a dragon-shaped pattern, the other side has a phoenix-shaped pattern, 裝飾圖案：有兩面鼓面，一面是彩色鳳形圖案，另一面是彩色龍形圖案, The biangu, literally means \u201cflat drum\u201d, is a barrel-shaped wooden drum from China with the two ends covered by a tacked head made of cowhide or sheepskin. The diameter of the head varies from 37cm to 45cm. During a performance, the biangu could be placed on a stand. It could also be suspended diagonally to the chest with the right hand holding a beater and the left hand striking the skin directly. The rope attached to the biangu in the Rulan Chao Pian Collection hints at this performance style. Being an unpitched percussion instrument, the sound of the biangu is lower than that of the tanggu (堂鼓, literally referring to \u201cceremonial hall drum\u201d), but is loud., 扁鼓，是一種中國的扁圓桶型木鼓，兩面蒙牛皮或羊皮。鼓面直徑為 37 - 45 厘米。演奏時，扁鼓會可置於鼓架上，亦可斜掛在胸前，右手執鼓棰敲擊，左手拍擊鼓面。卞趙如蘭教授所贈的扁鼓附有肩帶，是掛於胸前敲擊的款式。扁鼓屬於不固定音高的打擊樂器，音色較堂鼓低，但仍很響亮。
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- 曲項琵琶
- Length: 94.5 cm Width: 33 cm Length of the crooked neck: 23 cm, 長：94.5 厘米 寬：33 厘米 曲項部份：18.5 厘米, Inscriptions at the back of the pipa: 1) 如蘭 (Rulan, the owner of this pipa) 2) 漢唐樂府 (Han-Tang Yuefu Music Ensemble), 琵琶背刻有楷書「如蘭」二字及篆刻「漢唐樂府」四字。, The quxiang pipa (曲項琵琶, \u201cbent-neck pipa\u201d) was originated in Persia and introduced into China from India in 346\u201353 ce. A much historical iconography in China is the celestial deva-musician in the Northern Wei freco at Dunhuang. The quxiang pipa is a pear-shaped lute with four strings and four frets. Its neck is short and curved. It gives the archetype of the modern pipa. A performer holds the quxiang pipa transversely and plucks it with a plectrum. The quxiang pipa in the Rulan Chao Pian collection is a gift to Professor Rulan Chao Pian from his father Zhao Yuen Ren (趙元任). The name \"Rulan\" in Chinese (\u201c如蘭\u201d) is specially inscribed to the back of the instrument. This instrument was produced by Han-Tang Yuefu Music Ensemble , a music and dance company based in Taiwan., 曲項琵琶源於波斯，約於公元前 346 年至公元前 53 年由印度傳入中國。敦煌洞窟壁畫之中，北魏時期的伎樂彈奏琵琶，是中國歷史經典的畫像。曲項琵琶為梨型、四弦四柱 、頸短而曲，是現代琵琶的原型。演奏時需橫置胸前，用撥片彈奏。此琵琶是卞趙如蘭教授的父親趙元任送給女兒的禮物，琴身背後刻有「如蘭」二字及琴商「漢唐樂府」。
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- 曲項琵琶
- Length: 94.5 cm Width: 33 cm Length of the crooked neck: 23 cm, 長：94.5 厘米 寬：33 厘米 曲項部份：18.5 厘米, Inscriptions at the back of the pipa: 1) 如蘭 (Rulan, the owner of this pipa) 2) 漢唐樂府 (Han-Tang Yuefu Music Ensemble), 琵琶背刻有楷書「如蘭」二字及篆刻「漢唐樂府」四字。, The quxiang pipa (曲項琵琶, \u201cbent-neck pipa\u201d) was originated in Persia and introduced into China from India in 346\u201353 ce. A much historical iconography in China is the celestial deva-musician in the Northern Wei freco at Dunhuang. The quxiang pipa is a pear-shaped lute with four strings and four frets. Its neck is short and curved. It gives the archetype of the modern pipa. A performer holds the quxiang pipa transversely and plucks it with a plectrum. The quxiang pipa in the Rulan Chao Pian collection is a gift to Professor Rulan Chao Pian from his father Zhao Yuen Ren (趙元任). The name \"Rulan\" in Chinese (\u201c如蘭\u201d) is specially inscribed to the back of the instrument. This instrument was produced by Han-Tang Yuefu Music Ensemble , a music and dance company based in Taiwan., 曲項琵琶源於波斯，約於公元前 346 年至公元前 53 年由印度傳入中國。敦煌洞窟壁畫之中，北魏時期的伎樂彈奏琵琶，是中國歷史經典的畫像。曲項琵琶為梨型、四弦四柱 、頸短而曲，是現代琵琶的原型。演奏時需橫置胸前，用撥片彈奏。此琵琶是卞趙如蘭教授的父親趙元任送給女兒的禮物，琴身背後刻有「如蘭」二字及琴商「漢唐樂府」。
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- 板鼓 Bangu
- Diameter: 24 cm Height: 11 cm, 鼓面：直徑 24 厘米 高：11 厘米, Words on the drum skin: 台北福玉華樂器號 (the maker of this bangu), 鼓面字：特級 台北福玉華樂器號選製, The bangu (板鼓, \u201cbeat drum\u201d), also known as danpigu (單皮鼓, \u201csingle-skin drum\u201d), is a single-headed block drum of the Han Chinese. It is built from wedges of hardwood glued together in a circle or carved from a single block, and wrapped at the bottom with a metal band. The bottom of the body is open, and the top narrows gradually, leaving a central circular opening called guxin (鼓心, \u201cdrum heart\u201d). This is covered with a thick rigid pigskin or cowhide nailed in several rows around the outside of the body. During a performance, the bangu is supported by a three-legged stand. Performers strike on the guxin with one or two slender bamboo sticks to produce crispy and moderately high-pitched sound. It is usually used in Chinese operatic music such as Kunqu opera (崑曲) and Peking opera (京劇)., 板鼓，又稱單皮鼓，是中國漢人一種單面的打擊樂器。鼓框以堅實的木料製作，呈圓形用金屬帶固定。鼓腔內呈喇叭形，中空無底，鼓面中間部分稍凸起，為鼓心。鼓的單面以釘蒙上厚豬皮或牛皮。演奏時，板鼓置於三腳架上，樂師用兩根鼓簽敲擊鼓心時，會發出響亮而清脆的聲音。板鼓常用於崑曲和京劇等中國戲劇的演奏。
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- 椰胡
- Length: 82.5 cm Width: 15.5 cm Length of bow: 69 cm, 椰胡長：82.5 厘米 椰胡寬：15.5 厘米 弓長：69 厘米, The yehu (椰胡) is a two-string Chinese fiddle. Ye (椰) in Chinese means coconut. It is named because of its coconut-shell soundboard. The surface is made of paulownia wood and the bridge is made of seashell. The hair of a yehu bow passes through the two strings, which are tuned G and D. The sound of this middle-ranged instrument is deep. Therefore, in spite of originally being an accompanying instrument for Chaozhou music, the yehu has been largely adopted in low and sad pieces in Guangdong music and naamyam music ., 椰胡是兩弦的中國拉弦樂器。「椰」指揶子，因椰胡是用椰子殼作琴筒而得名。椰胡的琴面蒙上桐木板，琴馬為貝殼製。它的內外弦以 G 和 D 定弦，以馬尾弓夾在兩弦之間演奏，音域較深沉。椰胡原是潮州音樂中的伴奏樂器，但它低沉、哀怨的音色，在廣東和南音演奏中亦廣泛使用。
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- 玉屏笛子
- Length: 60 cm, 長：60 厘米, Inscription: 1) 但得清音能入耳 秦樓仙子夢同甘 引鳳飛昇作美談 留得聲名傳宇宙 良宵夜月又何嫌 (a Chinese poem) 2) 桂林正音齋經銷 玉屏劉昆山造 (the maker of this dizi), 笛頭題字：但得清音能入耳 秦樓仙子夢同甘 引鳳飛昇作美談 留得聲名傳宇宙 良宵夜月又何嫌 笛尾刻字：桂林正音齋經銷 玉屏劉昆山造, The dizi (笛子), also known as the di (笛), is a transverse flute of the Han Chinese. The tube is closed at the blowing end with a cork, but open at the bottom. The Yuping dizi is named since it is made of the bamboo from Yuping Dong Autonomous County (玉屏侗族自治縣) in Guizhou (貴州). The Yuping vertical flute making technique (玉屏簫笛製作技藝) has been inscribed in the first batch of National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of China, which was released by the Ministry of Culture on 20 May 2006. Having a mouth hole, a membrane hole, and six finger-holes, same as the other instruments in the dizi family, the Yuping dizi in the Rulan Chao Pian Collection has four tassel holes towards the bottom of the tube. The Yuping dizi is slenderer than the commonly used dizi., 玉屏笛子，也稱笛，是中國漢族橫笛的一種。玉屏笛子通膛中空，笛頭近吹氣處置軟木塞。玉屏笛子採用貴州玉屏侗族自治縣出產的竹管製，因而得名。中國文化部於 2006 年 5 月 20日，公佈「玉屏簫笛製作技藝」為第一批中國國家級非物質文化遺產。玉屏笛子有吹孔、膜孔和六個指孔，是一般笛子相似。卞趙如蘭教授所贈的玉屏笛子有四個流向笛尾的出音孔。玉屏笛子較一般笛子纖細。
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- 玉屏簫
- Length: 62.7 cm, 長：62.7 厘米, Inscription: 1) 吴市英雄皆疋士 雅管悠揚譜未終 何期竹外引薰風 英雄心事神仙調，盡在良宵一曲中 (a Chinese poem) 2) 玉屏鄭雲山精造 (the maker of this xiao), 簫頭題字：吴市英雄皆疋士 雅管悠揚譜未終 何期竹外引薰風 英雄心事神仙調，盡在良宵一曲中 簫尾刻字：玉屏鄭雲山精造, The xiao (簫) is a vertical notched flute of the Han Chinese. Historically known as the di (笛), the name xiao was used only until around the 12th century. The Yuping xiao is named since it is made of the bamboo from Yuping Dong Autonomous County (玉屏侗族自治縣) in Guizhou (貴州). The Yuping vertical flute making technique (玉屏簫笛製作技藝) has been inscribed in the first batch of National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of China, which was released by the Ministry of Culture on 20 May 2006. Having an inward-sloping notch at the upper end and five frontal finger-holes plus one dorsal thumb-hole, same as most of other instruments in the xiao family, the Yuping xiao in the Rulan Chao Pian Collection has four tassel holes near the lower end, with two in the shape of a comma. The Yuping xiao is slenderer than the commonly used xiao., 簫是中國漢族一種垂直的吹管樂器。古時，單管竹製樂器都統稱「笛」，至 12 世紀左右，「簫」和「笛」才區分開來。玉屏笛子採用貴州玉屏侗族自治縣出產的竹管製，因而得名。中國文化部於 2006 年 5 月 20日，公佈「玉屏簫笛製作技藝」為第一批中國國家級非物質文化遺產。玉屏簫有一個半圓形吹口，六個指孔（前五後一），與一般簫相近。卞趙如蘭教授所贈的玉屏簫有 4 個出音孔，其中兩個狀似逗號。玉屏簫較一般簫纖細。
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- 竜笛（龍笛）
- Length: 40 cm Finger-holes: 7 長：40 厘米 指孔：7 個, Length: 40 cm Finger-holes: 7 長：40 厘米 指孔：7 個, The Chinese-derived ryūteki (龍笛, literally \u201cdragon flute\u201d) is a transverse flute in Japan. It has seven finger holes. It is approximately 40 cm long. Made of bamboo, the ryūteki is wrapped with kaba, wire-like cherry tree bark, on the outside and then lacquered. Red lacquer coats the bore and around each hole. The ryūteki is used in gagaku, the Shinto music in Japan. Among the three flutes used in gagaku, the pitch of the ryūteki is a tone lower than that of the komabue, but a tone higher than that of the kaguabue. 龍笛是日本一種橫吹的木管樂器，據說源於中國。龍笛有七個指孔，長約 40 厘米，竹製。除了吹口和指孔外，龍笛的竹管表面以櫻樹皮裹上，再塗紅漆定色等工序製成。龍笛常見於日本神道教儀式的雅樂演奏。演奏雅樂的橫笛有三種，若以音色論，龍笛的音色較高麗笛低，但比神樂笛高。, The Chinese-derived ryūteki (龍笛, literally \u201cdragon flute\u201d) is a transverse flute in Japan. It has seven finger holes. It is approximately 40 cm long. Made of bamboo, the ryūteki is wrapped with kaba, wire-like cherry tree bark, on the outside and then lacquered. Red lacquer coats the bore and around each hole. The ryūteki is used in gagaku, the Shinto music in Japan. Among the three flutes used in gagaku, the pitch of the ryūteki is a tone lower than that of the komabue, but a tone higher than that of the kaguabue. 龍笛是日本一種橫吹的木管樂器，據說源於中國。龍笛有七個指孔，長約 40 厘米，竹製。除了吹口和指孔外，龍笛的竹管表面以櫻樹皮裹上，再塗紅漆定色等工序製成。龍笛常見於日本神道教儀式的雅樂演奏。演奏雅樂的橫笛有三種，若以音色論，龍笛的音色較高麗笛低，但比神樂笛高。
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- 編木
- Length: 67 cm Number of rectangular slats: 72 pieces, 長：67 厘米 長方形小木板：共 72 塊, Inscription on handle: 1) さ.ら . 2) こきりこ, 兩端木手柄各有刻字：さ.ら 及 こきりこ, The Chinese paiban (拍板) being a presumed ancestor, the binzasara is a traditional Japanese percussion instrument made of many slats of fine-grained wood strung together with a cotton cord through the two holes at one end of each slat. The Binzasara in the Rulan Chao Pian Collection has 72 slats. Handles are attached to both ends in a direction that the slats are held in an upright arch. When the handles move up and down under the wrist motion, the wave movements of the slats give a rippling effect. The binzasara is usually used in rice-planting music, for instance, in related scenes in geza, off-stage music of the kabuki theatre, and specific types of folk kagura, Shintō shrine music., 編木是日本一種傳統的打擊樂器，據說源自中國的拍板。編木是用一條棉繩把許多塊木板串連而成。卞趙如蘭教授所贈的編木有 72 塊長方形小木板。編木的兩端是手柄，手柄以相反方向放置時可呈拱形。當演奏者手持編木，以腕力上下舞動時，木板的流動尤如波光粼粼的水面。編木常用於祈求豐收的祭典，亦會用於傳統歌舞伎演奏的「下座音樂」，以及民間舉行神道教祭典時的特定曲目中演奏。
