This book introduces techniques and applications of the advanced bioimaging technologies developed for assessment of quality of musculoskeletal tissues with emphasis on bone and cartilage and scaffold biomaterials developed for medical appication. These bioimaging techniques include micro CT, nano-CT, pQCT/QCT, MRI and ultrasound. Imaging contrast enhancement materials for both hard and soft tissues such as cardiovascular tissues are also included to extend the applications in research and development. The book is also illustrative with high resolution 2D and 3D imaging and quantifications of relevant parameters of the tissues and organs in both hard and soft issues, which will help to advance our understanding of normal tissues, changes of tissues under the influences of aging, prevention and treatment with both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions.