An English Baptist missionary who lived in China for forty-five years, Timothy Richard (1845-1919), and Ren Yanwu, a well-established Chinese translator, educator and author in early modern China, made joint efforts in translating Alexander Pope's An Essay on Man into Chinese in 1898. Their translation now turns out to be the pilot effort in translating British poetic work in early modern Chinese context. Based on the recent discovery of their long-lost translation at the Library of Peking University in China , this paper probes into the historical and cultural context that led Timothy Richard and Ren Yanxu to rendering such a work into Chinese and discusses the strategy and characteristics of their translation.

The influx of Buddhism and the translation of Buddhist Scripture have greatly influenced the Chinese Language. Because of the difference in character between Chinese and Sanskrit, the difficulties involved in the work of translation are obvious. While the translators have created various methods through their experience, such as abridging, transliteration, free translation, and coinage, the work of translating Buddhist Scripture through thousands of years has greatly enriched the vocabulary of the Chinese language, promoted the development of the vernacular as well as a change in Chinese grammar. It has also enhanced the power of the expression of the Chinese language and pushed forward the research on Chinese phonology.

Translation studies have been flourishing in China since the early 1980s, but they have inherited the traditional approach, which sees the establishment of translation criteria and the provision of guidelines for translators to fulfil these criteria as the ultimate aim of translation theory. It is an applied discipline in nature, obsessed with the concept of “loyalty”. This traditionalist's view has moreover led to a bias towards the prescriptive linguistic school in the introduction of Western translation theories, and has been reinforced by the latter.

There is ample evidence, however, that translators do not always adhere to their originals. Certain descriptive theories originating in the West have shown that the behaviour of translation is overdetermined by a number of socio-cultural factors in the target polysystem. The problem with the Chinese brand of applied translation studies is that they fail to give a truthful account of all translational phenomena.

It is suggested therefore that the influence of cultural tradition, ideology and power relations on translation and translation studies must be recognized and investigated for the healthy development of the applied branch of the discipline.

Terminology is a speciality in Canada . Previously terminological and translation duties had been performed by one person (usually trained in translation), but they came to be recognized as distinct functions, and terminology came into its own as a scientific discipline whose tenets could be taught. Since the 1970s, terminologists have succeeded in forging an identity as a distinct professional group and in carving out a place for themselves within the language industry in Canada . This article takes a panoramic view of the development of terminology in Canada and the contributions made by the Canadian terminologists in the field of terminology computerization and standardization.

This bibliography brings together Chinese translations of drama in English published and/or staged in the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan in the twentieth century. By no means exhaustive, it is an attempt to provide translation researchers with information on translations undertaken in the present century, on the major Chinese translators of drama, and on publication background. But in addition to simply listing available translations, an effort has been made to evaluate individual works, making use of recently developed translation-critical tools, especially the comparative method in criticism. It is hoped that this bibliography will furnish a basis for the extensive study of English plays translated into Chinese, and allow scholars to analyse regional differences in translating, as well as theorise about drama translation in general. This is part II of a two-part series.

“The Contradictory Genius” written by Alan Lightman, the author of Einstein's Dreams , is a review of the English translation of a German work Albert Einstein: A Biography , published in the April 10, 1997 issue of New York Review of Books . This biography was written by Albrecht Folsing's power in his use of new historical materials concerning Einstein, the greatest scientist-philosopher of our time.

The Routledge Encyclopaedia of Translation Studies can be acclaimed as an important contribution to the rapidly increasing literature of Translation Studies. A crystallization of the efforts of over ninety translation scholars from more than thirty countries over a period of some six years since 1991, this voluminous work offers a relatively comprehensive overview of the discipline, covering topics of interest to both the theorists and practitioners of translation. In particular, it has included hereto the largest number of entries (thirty one in all) on different national traditions of translation in the world, both East and West. Of course, there are areas where improvements may be made. For example, more entries, especially on basic issues relating to the nature and principles of translation, may be included to make the work even more comprehensive. The work's alphabetical arrangement of entries is also discussible and there is even room for a better balancing of the history of translation in the world. However, generally speaking, this is a worthy effort made by Mona Baker and her contributors, whose status as distinguished translation specialists internationally, will undoubtedly help make it one of the most authoritative reference books in the discipline.

本文就翻譯研究的多項課題提出一系列觀點，文中指出翻譯研究採用的方法論向來諸多規範，為該學科的發展帶來極大限制，實應為較開明的理論所取締。作者除了提倡譯者及翻譯學者的創意應更受肯定之外，亦就軼事思維的守則，加以探討。

從事文學翻譯六十載的作者，在文中現身說法，把多年來遇見的種種譯事難題一一列舉，並提出化解對策。本文理論探討與具體建議兼備，涉及的問題包括文化的理解、方言的處理、譯者所享的自由度，以及英式英語與美式英語衍生出的難題等。此外，作者更進一步探討翻譯教學以及翻譯理論之間的關係，並強調翻譯理論本身的價值在於其是否能有助實踐翻譯的改善。

香港由於主權回歸中國，須在九七年七月一日前將現行純以英文制定的法律譯成中文，而英國法律的文字，向以細密、複雜、繁瑣、困難見稱，對翻譯造成極大的困難。現實香港法律的中文文本，亦以其文字艱澀備受批評。本文主要從文化翻譯的角度，探討英國法律中譯的核心問題，是如何將普通法文化移植於中國本土的文化，作為法律中文文本的意義本體。要做到這點，翻譯上必須對中國本身的語言作出必要而適當的調整和改變，因此亦必然產生文字上偏離常規的現象，使中文語言群體受到震驚。本文更強調指出，在普通法文化完全融入中國文化前，由於意義本體未確立，中文文本必須參照普通法理解，才能發揮其法律功能。

會議傳譯員依工作性質主要分為兩大類：在政府和國際組織全職提供服務的會議傳譯員，以即以會議傳譯為自由職業的傳譯員。後者除為上述各種機構工作外，亦為商業機構提供服務。

作者在本文中除介紹會議傳譯員的工作之外，亦重點詳述以會議傳譯為自由職業的從業員的多元化面貌和國際工作環境，並舉例說明如何面對工作的挑戰；如何搜集資料和參考材料；如何準備回憶傳譯工作及工作所需的電腦技術等。