Bulletin No. 1, 2021

42 1972 Shakey, the first mobile robot to reason through its actions, was created 1974-80 1987-93 Reduced funding led to two AI winters c.700 BCE The ancient Greek poet Hesiod wrote of the mythological intelligent robot Talos 1912 Leonardo Torres y Quevedo built the world’s first chess computer, El Ajedrecista 1948-9 William Grey Walter built the world’s first autonomous robots, Elmer and Elsie, which could follow light and navigate around obstacles 1950 Alan Turing proposed the Turing test to measure a machine’s intelligence 1956 JohnMcCarthy coined the term ‘artificial intelligence’ at Dartmouth College 1960 Ray Solomonoffdeveloped the idea of algorithmic probability, one of the mathematical foundations ofmodernAI 1966 Joseph Weizenbaum created the NLP program Eliza, the world’s first chatbot 1969 The idea of backpropagation, a core part of AI that allows it to learn frommistakes, was conceived Artificial intelligence (n.) A brief history of AI 1970 1974-80 1987-93 1960 1950 Source: SRI international