With age, a number of changes occur in the eye.
▪ Eyelids
The tissues of eye lids can shrink and become flaccid, leading to watery eyes, ectropion and entropion.
▪ Lacrimal glands
There is decreased tear production, lead to dry eyes. On the other hand, periorbital tissue atropht leads to displacement of the lacrimal punctum, which results in decreased drainage and a watering eye.
The conjunctiva atropghies and yellows. Pterygium may occur, due to the thickened conjunctiva from chronic exposure to sunlight.
The sensitivity to extend object of cornea declines by 50% in advanced age.
The iris becomes more rigid, making pupil smaller, and impairing adjustment to sudden changes in environmental light.
The lens becomes thicker and rigid, and responds less effectively to changes in ciliary muscle tone, thus reducing accommodation effectiveness. The lens may resulting in cataract undergo central lens compression.
All the changes in the lens and the iris result in what is called "presbyopia". Although the visual function system is made to last, age-related changes include miosis, deteriorate in dark adaptation, loss of useful field of vision, and loss of contrast sensitivity.
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