Dr. Leung received his B.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of London in 1977 and 1980 respectively, and is a  fellow of HKIE, a member of IET and ACM, a Life senior member of IEEE and a chartered engineer. He was nominated to be the Distinguished Fellow of Hong Kong Computer Society in 2000.  He was one of the founder members and the Chairman of ACM Hong Kong Chapter and a Council member of Hong Kong Computer Society. He contributed significantly in setting up the Engineering Faculty as a member of the Planning & Implementation Committee and all other 7 committees.  He served as a member of the Engineering Panel of the Research Grant Council of the University Grant Committee for 5 years (94-99). He was an external examiner of OUHK. Dr. Leung was member of Editorial Board for Fuzzy Sets and Systems (1999-2019) and the IT Magazine (94-98), associate editor of  International Journal of Intelligent Automation and Soft Computing (2001-2010). He has served as chairman and member of numerous international conference organizing and programme committees. He was a member of the University's Research Committee and the Convener of Engineering Panel (96-00). He has authored and co-authored over 400 publications with an average impact factor of >3.64 for the top 100 Journal papers and 4 books. His research interests are in the areas of knowledge engineering, bioinformatics, drug discovery, soft computing, genetic algorithms and programming, automatic knowledge acquisition, fuzzy logic applications, and AI architecture. 

Research Interests (Research Summary/Projects)

• Knowledge Engineering
• Bioinformatics (Roadmap) & Data Mining
• Automatic Knowledge Acquisition
• Fuzzy Logic Applications
• Genetic Algorithms and Programming
• AI Architecture (Intelligent Sensor Systems, IoT)
  

• Z.Y. Wang, R. Yang & K.S. Leung, NONLINEAR INTEGRALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN DATA MINING, June 2010, World Scientific
  
• M.L. Wong and K.S. Leung, Data Mining Using Grammar Based Genetic Programming and Applications, Jan 2000, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Genetic Programming Series.

• X Liu, Y Xu, (R Wang), S Liu, J Wang, YL Luo, KS Leung, L Cheng. “A network-based algorithm for the identification of moonlighting noncoding RNAs and its application in sepsis”. Briefings in Bioinformatics, 2020; https://academic.oup.com/bib/advance-article/doi/10.1093/bib/bbz154/5718595
• (WY Yi), K Leung, Y Leung. “Air quality measurement with modular sensor system and method”. US Patent 10,533,981, 1, 2020; https://patents.google.com/patent/US10533981B2/en
• (PK Wong), KS Leung, ML Wong. “Probabilistic grammar-based neuroevolution for physiological signal classification of ventricular tachycardia”. Expert Systems with Applications 135, 237-248; 2019; (IF: 4.3) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.06.012
• J Qi, L Liu, B Xu, Z Shen, KS Leung, Y Sun. “Low-carbon Community Adaptive Energy Management Optimization Toward Smart Services”. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics; 2019; (IF:7.38)  https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2019.2950511 
• (R Wang), (S Li), L Cheng, MH Wong, KS Leung. “Predicting associations among drugs, targets and diseases by tensor decomposition for drug repositioning”. BMC bioinformatics 20 (26), 628, 2019; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12859-019-3283-6
• (P Liu), H Li, (S Li), KS Leung. “Improving prediction of phenotypic drug response on cancer cell lines using deep convolutional network”. BMC bioinformatics 20 (1), 408, 4, 2019; https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-019-2910-6L 
• L Cheng, P Liu, D Wang, KS Leung. "Exploiting locational and topological overlap model to identify modules in protein interaction networks". BMC Bioinformatics 20 (1), 23; 2019; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-019-2598-7
• A Peón, H Li, G Ghislat, KS Leung, MH Wong, G Lu, PJ Ballester. "MolTarPred: a web tool for comprehensive target prediction with reliability estimation". Chemical biology & drug design; 3.2019; https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.13516
  
• H Li, J Peng, P Sidorov, YLeung, KS Leung, ..."Classical scoring functions for docking are unable to exploit large volumes of structural and interaction data". Bioinformatics; 3.2019;  https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz183
• (L Cheng), KS Leung. "Identification and characterization of moonlighting long non-coding RNAs based on RNA and protein interactome". Bioinformatics, 5.2018, (IF:7.3);  https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty399J 
• Qi, C Lai, B Xu, Y Sun, KS Leung. "Collaborative Energy Management Optimization Towards Green Energy Local Area Network". IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Jan 2018, (IF:6,8);  https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2018.2796021
• Y Leung, KS Leung, MH Wong, T Mak, KY Cheung, LY Lo, WY Yi, YL Dong. "An integrated web-based air pollution decision support system – a prototype". IJGIS; Apr 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2018.1460752
• KY Lee, KS Leung, NLS Tang, MH Wong. "Discovering Genetic Factors for psoriasis through exhaustively searching for significant second order SNP-SNP interactions". Scientific reports 8 (1), 15186; 2018.
• X Shi, H Li, A Shi, H Yao, K Ke, C Dong, Y Zhu, Y Qin, Y Ding, YH He, ..."Discovery of rafoxanide as a dual CDK4/6 inhibitor for the treatment of skin cancer". Oncology reports 40 (3), 1592-1600; 2018.
• B Xu, J Qi, X Hu, KS Leung, Y Sun, Y Xue. "Self-adaptive bat algorithm for large scale cloud manufacturing service composition". Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 11 (5), 1115-1128; 2018.
  
• H Li, J Peng, Y Leung, KS Leung, MH Wong, G Lu, P Ballester. "The impact of protein structure and sequence similarity on the accuracy of machine-learning scoring functions for binding affinity prediction".
  Biomolecules 8 (1), 12; 2018.
• KM Lo, WY Yi, PK Wong, KS Leung, Y Leung, ST Mak. "A genetic algorithm with new local operators for multiple traveling salesman problems". International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems 11 (1), 692-705; 2018
• (L Cheng), KS Leung.  “Quantification of non-coding RNA target localization diversity and its application in cancers”. Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, 1.2018.(IF:6.0) https://doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjy006
• (WY Yi), KS Leung, Y Leung. “A Modular Plug-And-Play Sensor System for Urban Air Pollution Monitoring: Design, Implementation and Evaluation”. Sensors 18 (1), 7; 2018
• C Dong, ..., KS Leung… “Econazole nitrate inhibits PI3K activity and promotes apoptosis in lung cancer cells”. Scientific reports 7 (1), 17987; 2017 
• (L Cheng), P Liu, KS Leung. “SMILE: a novel procedure for subcellular module identification with localisation expansion”. IET Systems Biology; 2017 
• Y Niu, H Li, L Gao, H Lin, H Kung, MC Lin, KS Leung, MH Wong, W Xiong, ... “Old drug, new indication: Olsalazine sodium reduced serum uric acid levels in mice via inhibiting xanthine oxidoreductase activity”. Journal of pharmacological sciences 135 (3), 114-120; 2017 
• (L Cheng), K Fan, Y Huang, D Wang, KS Leung. “Full characterization of localization diversity in the human protein Interactome”. Journal of proteome research 16 (8), 3019-3029; 2017.  DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00306
• K Ke, H Li, H Yao, XN Shi, C Dong, Y Zhu, X Liu, L Li, KS Leung, ... “In silico prediction and in vitro and in vivo validation of acaricide fluazuron as a potential inhibitor of FGFR3 and a candidate anticancer drug for bladder carcinoma”. Chemical biology & drug design 89 (4), 505-513 4; 2017
• ESA Lee, HYA Sze-To, MH Wong, KS Leung, TCK Lau, AKC Wong. “Discovering protein-dna binding cores by aligned pattern clustering”. IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics 14 (2); 254-263; 2017
• H Li, CWS Tong, Y Leung, MH Wong, KKW To, KS Leung. “Identification of clinically approved drugs indacaterol and canagliflozin for repurposing to treat EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors-resistant lung cancer”. Frontiers in oncology 7, 288; 2017
• B Xu, J Qi, X Hu, KS Leung, Y Sun, Y Xue. “Self-adaptive bat algorithm for large scale cloud manufacturing service composition”. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, 1-14; 2017
• (MC Yuen), I King, KS Leung. “An online-updating algorithm on probabilistic matrix factorization with active learning for task recommendation in crowdsourcing systems” Big Data Analytics 1 (1), 14; 2016
• Y Liang, H Chai, XY Liu, ZB Xu, H Zhang, KS Leung. “Cancer survival analysis using semi-supervised learning method based on cox and aft models with l 1/2 regularization”. BMC medical genomics 9 (1), 11; 2016
•  HJ Li, KS Leung, MH Wong and PJ Ballester. "USR-VS: a web server for large-scale prospective virtual screening using ultrafast shape recognition techniques". Nucleic Acids Research, 2016. (IF:10.162) DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw320
• HJ Li, KS Leung, MH Wong and PJ Ballester. "Correcting the impact of docking pose generation error on binding affinity prediction". BMC Bioinformatics, 17 (11), 308; 2016. 
• (LY Lo), ML Wong, KH Lee, KS Leung "High-order dynamic Bayesian Network learning with hidden common causes for causal gene regulatory network". BMC Boinformatics 16 (1), 1
• (LY Lo), ML Wong, KH Lee, KS Leung. "Time Delayed Causal Gene Regulatory Network Inference with Hidden Common Causes". PloS ONE, 2015, 10 (9), e0138596
• XN Shi, HJ Li, H Yao, X Liu, LLi, KS Leung, HF Kung, D Lu, MH Wong, and Marie CM Lin. In silico Identification and in vitro and in vivo Validation of Anti-Psychotic Drug Fluspirilene as a Potential CDK2 Inhibitor and a Candidate Anti-Cancer Drug. PLoS ONE, 10(7):e0132072, 2015. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132072
  
• HJ Li, KS Leung, MH Wong and PJ. Ballester. Low-Quality Structural and Interaction Data Improves Binding Affinity Prediction via Random Forest. Molecules, 20(6):10947-10962, 2015. DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610947
• (Peter LY Lo), KS Leung and KH Lee, "Inferring Time-Delayed Causal Gene Network using Time-series Expression Data ", IEEE/ACM Transaction on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 2015.Vol. 12, Issue 1,142-154
  
• (HJ Li), KS Leung1, MH Wong1 and PJ  Ballester. “Improving AutoDock Vina Using Random Forest: The Growing Accuracy of Binding Affinity Prediction by the Effective Exploitation of Larger Data Sets.” Molecular Informatics, Article first published online: 12 FEB 2015, DOI: 10.1002/minf.201400132
• XN Shi, (HJ L)i, H Yao, X Liu, L Li, KS Leung, HF Kung, MH Wong, and Marie CM Lin. "Adapalene Inhibited the Activity of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 in Colorectal Carcinoma". Molecular Medicine Reports.12(5):6501-6508, 2015. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4310
• (HJ Li), KS Leung, MH Wong and PJ Ballester,"Substituting Random Forest for Multiple Linear Regression Improves Binding Affinity Prediction of Scoring Functions: Cyscore as a Case Study", BMC Bioinformatics, 2014, 15(1):291  DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-291  
• MH Wong, (HY Sze-To), (LY Lo), TM Chan, and KS Leung. "Discovering Binding Cores in Protein-DNA Binding Using Association Rule Mining with Statistical Measures",  IEEE/ACM Transaction on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/TCBB.2014.2343952
  
• (HJ Li), KS Leung, T Nakane and MH Wong. "iview: an interactive WebGL visualizer for protein-ligand complex". BMC Bioinformatics, 15(1):56, 2014. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-56
• (HJ Li), KS Leung, P. Ballester, MH Wong. "istar: A Web Platform for Large-Scale Protein-Ligand Docking", PLoS ONE 9(1): e85678, 2014. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085678
• TM Chan, LY Lo, HY Sze-To, KS Leung, X Xiao, and MH Wong, "Modeling Associated Protein-DNA Pattern Discovery with Unified Scores", IEEE/ACM Transaction on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. 10(3) 696-707, May/June 2013.
  
• Y Liang, C Liu, XZ Luan, KS Leung, TM Chan, ZB Xu, H Zhang. "Sparse logistic regression with a L1/2 penalty for gene selection in cancer classification", BMC Bioinformatics 14 (1), 198, 2013
  
• T.M. Chan, K.S. Leung, K.H. Lee, M.H. Wong 1, C.K. Lau , Stephen K.W. Tsui,  Subtypes of Associated Protein-DNA (Transcription Factor-Transcription Factor Binding Site) Patterns, Nucleic Acids Research,  August 2012; doi: 10.1093/nar/gks749 ; (IF:10.162)
  

  Quick Intro;  ProjectWebsite

• T.M. Chan, K.S. Leung, K.H. Lee, Memetic Algorithms for de novo Motif Discovery. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 2012, 16(5), pp. 730-748.(IF:10.629)
• T.M. Chan, K.C. Wong, K.H. Lee, M.H. Wong, C.K. Lau, Stephen K.W. Tsui, K.S. Leung, Discovering approximate-associated sequence patterns for protein-DNA interactions. Bioinformatics, 2011, 27(4), pp. 471-478. (IF:7.307)
• (S.K. LOU), J.W. LI, H. QIN, Aldrin K.Y. YIM, L.Y. Lo, Bing Ni, K.S. Leung, Stephen K.W. TSUI, and T.F. CHAN, "Detection of splicing events and multiread locations from RNA-seq data based on a geometric-tail (GT) distribution of intron length", BMC Bioinformatics,  2011.07.27, Vol.12 suppl.5 S2.
• Y Liang and KS Leung "Genetic Algorithm with adaptive elitist-population strategies for multimodal function optimization", Applied Soft Computing 11 (2011) 2017–2034
  
• Leung, KS, (Wong, KC), (Chan, TM), Wong, MH, Lee, KH, Lau, CK, and Tsui, Stephen, "Discovering Protein-DNA Binding Sequence Patterns Using Association Rule Mining," Nucleic Acids Research. ,  2010, 38(19), pp. 6324-6337. (IF:10.162)
  Among NAR Top Articles - Computational Biology, as in Oct-Dec 2011
• (S.K. Lou)†, (B. Ni)†, L.Y. Lo, Stephen K.W. Tsui, T.F. Chan and K.S. Leung, "ABMapper: a suffix array-based tool for multi-location searching and splice-junction mapping", Bioinformatics, Oxford Journal, 2010.02.01  †co-1st authors (IF: 7.307)
  
• (T.M. Chan), (G. Li), K.S. Leung and K.H.Lee,  Discovering multiple realistic TFBS motifs based on a generalized model, BMC Bioinformatics, 2009, 10:321.
• (G. Li), (T.M. Chan), K.S. Leung and K.H.Lee, A Cluster Refinement Algorithm for Motif Discovery, IEEE/ACM Transaction on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. pp.654-668., 2010.10.01
  
• KS Leung, KH Lee, (JF Wang), (Eddie YT Ng), Henry LY Chan, Stephen KW Tsui, Tony SK Mok, C.H. Tse, Joseph JY Sung, “Data Mining on DNA Sequences of Hepatitis B Virus”. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. vol.8 no.2, pp.428-40. 2011.03.
• (Chan, T.M.), Leung, K.S., and Lee, K.H., “ TFBS identification based on genetic algorithm with combined representations and adaptive post-processing.” Bioinformatics, Vol.24, No.3, pp341-349, Oxford Journals, Feb 2008. (IF: 7.307)
• (Rong Yang), Z.Y. Wang, P.A. Heng, and K.S. Leung, “Fuzzified Choquet integral with fuzzy-valued integrand and its application on temperature prediction,” IEEE Trans. SMCB, Vol.38, no.2, pp367-380, April 2008.
• (S. M. Cheang), K. H. Lee and K.S. Leung “Applying Genetic Parallel Programming to Synthesize Combinational Logic Circuits,” IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol.11, No.4, pp.503-520, August 2007. (IF: 10.629)
• (Rong Yang), Z.Y. Wang, P.A. Heng, and K.S. Leung, “Classification of Heterogeneous Fuzzy Data by Choquet Integral With Fuzzy-Valued Integrand”, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Vol.15, No5, pp.931-942, Oct 2007. (IF: 7.671)
  
• Joseph JY Sung, KW Tsui, CH Tse, Eddie YT Ng, KS Leung, KH Lee, Tony SK Mok, A. Bartholomeusz, CC Au, S Locarnini, Henry LY Chan “Genotype-Specific Genomic Markers Associated with Primary Hepatoma Based on Complete Genomic Sequencing of Hepatitis B Virus,” Journal of Virology, vol.82, no.7, pp3604-3611, Apr. 2008.( IF:4.648) (GWAS paper)
  
• L. Zhu, C.H. Tse, Vincent W.S. Wong, Angel M.L. Chim, K.S. Leung,  Henry LY Chan “A Complete Genomic Analysis Of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes And Mutations In Hbeag-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B In China,” The Journal of Viral Hepatitis, 2008;15(6):449-458. (IP 3.307)
• Henry L.Y. Chan, C.H. Tse, (Eddie Y.T. Ng), K.S. Leung , K.H. Lee, K.W. Tsui , Joseph J. Y. Sung “Phylogenetic, Virological and Clinical Characteristics of Genotype C Hepatitis B Virus with TCC at Codon 15 of the Precore Region,” Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol.44, No.3, pp.681-687, (impact factor 4.232, 23 of 119 in Microbiology).11.   
  
• (S. M. Tse), Y. Liang, K. S. Leung, K. H. Lee and Tony S. K. Mok, "A Memetic Algorithm for Multiple Drugs Cancer Chemotherapy Schedule Optimization," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - Part B, vol. 37, no. 1, pp.84-91, Feb. 2007. (IF: 7.384)
• Z. Wang, K.S. Leung, and G. J. Klir, “Integration on finite sets,” International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 21 (10), 1073-1092, 2006
  
• K.S. Leung, Irwin King, and (Y.B. Wong) “A probabilistic cooperative-competitive hierarchical model for global optimization.” Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computation, 175 (2006) 1092-1124
• (S. M. Cheang), K.S. Leung and K. H. Lee “Genetic Parallel Programming: Design and Implementation,” Evolutionary Computation (MIT-Press), Vol. 14 Issue 2, pp. 129-156, 2006
• (Liang Y.), Leung K.S. and Tony Mok S.K. "A Novel Evolutionary Drug Scheduling Model in Cancer Chemotherapy," IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, Vol.10, No.2, pp.237-245, April, 2006.
• P.A. Heng, T.T. Wong, (R. Yang), Y.P. Chui, Y M, Xie, K.S. Leung and P.C. Leung, “Intelligent Interfering and Haptic Simulation for Chinese Acupuncture Learning and Training,” IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, Vol.10, No.1, pp.28-41, Jan., 2006.
• (H.-D. Jin), M.-L. Wong, and K.-S. Leung, “Scalable Model-based Clustering for Large Databases Based on Data Summarization”, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 27, no 11, pp.1710-1719, Nov. 2005. (IF: 8.329)
• (Y.Liang) and K.S.Leung, “Evolution Strategies with Exclusion-based Selection Operators and a Fourier Series Auxiliary Function”, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 174, pp.1080-1109, 2006.
• Z. Wang, (Rong Yang), P. Heng, and K.S. Leung, “Real-valued Choquet integrals with fuzzy-valued integrand”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol.157, No. 2, pp, 256-269, Jan. 2006.
• (Rong Yang), Z. Wang, P.A. Heng, and K.S. Leung, “Fuzzy numbers and fuzzification of Choquet integrals”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 153 , 95-113, 2005.
• (H.-D. Jin), K.S. Leung, M.-L. Wong, and Z.-B. Xu, “Scalable Model-based Clustering of Large Data Sets: Working on Clustering Features,” Pattern Recognition, Vol.38,  pp.637-649, 2005.
• M.L. Wong and K.S. Leung, "An Efficient Data Mining Method for Learning Bayesian Network Using an Evolutionary Algorithm-Based Hybrid Approach", IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol.8, No.4, pp.378-404, August 2004. (IF: 10.629)
• K.S. Leung, (Z.Y. Zhu) and Xu Z.B. “Multi-Objective Optimization Using Non-dominated Sorting Annealing Genetic Algorithms,” Asian Information-Science-Life, Vol1, No.3, pp.211-230, 2003
  
• M.L. Wong, ( S. Y. Lee) and K.S. Leung "Data Mining of Bayesian Networks Using Cooperative Co-evolution"  Decision Support Systems and Electronic Commerce. 38, pp. 451-472.
• (Y.Y. Wong), K.H. Lee, K.S. Leung, (C.W. Ho.) "A novel approach in parameter adaptation and diversity maintenance for genetic algorithm." Soft Computing, Vol.7, No.8, pp.506-515, August 2003.
  
• (Y.W. Lee), K.S. Leung, and M. Satyanarayanan "Operation Shipping for Mobile File Systems", IEEE Transactions on Computers. Vol.51, No.12 pp.1410-1422, December 2002
• K.S. Leung, M.L. Wong, W. Lam, Z.Y. Wang and K.B. Xu "Learning Nonlinear Multiregression Networks Based on Evolutionary Computation", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part B, Vol.32, No.5, pp.630-644, October 2002. (IF: 7.384)
  
• (Y.Y. Wong), K.S. Leung, and K.H. Lee  "Stochastic load balancing algorithm for i-Computing," Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience,  15(1), 55-78, Jan. 2003.
• (Xu K.B.), Wang Z.Y., Wong M.L. and Leung K.S. "Discover Dependency Pattern Among Attributes By Using A New Type of Nonlinear Regression" International Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol. 16, pp.949-962, John Wiley & Sons, 2001
• (Y.C. Wong), K.S. Leung and C.K. Wong, "Simulated Annealing-Based Algorithms for the Studies of the Thermoelastic Scaling Behavior" IEEE Transaction on System, Man, Cybernetic. Vol.30, No.4, pp.506-516, Nov. 2000. (IF: 7.384)
• Wong M. L., Leung K. S., and Cheng J. C. Y. "Discovering Knowledge from Noisy Databases using Genetic Programming," Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol.51, No.9, pp.870-881, 2000.
• Wang Z.Y. , Leung K.S. and  Wang J., "A genetic algorithm used for determining nonadditive set functions in information fusion," Fuzzy Sets and Systems. 102 (1999), pp.463-469.
• Y. Leung, Leung K. S. and J. Z. He. "A generic concept-based object-oriented geographical information system". International  Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol. 13, No. 5,  pp.475-498, Taylor & Francis Ltd, May1999
• Wong M.L., W. Lam and Leung K.S., "Using Evolutionary Computation and Minimum Description Length Principle for Data Mining of Bayesian Networks" IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.  Vol.21, No.2, pp.174-178, 1999. (IF: 8.329)
• Leung K. S., Lee K.H., & (Wong Y.Y.), "DJM: a Global Distributed Virtual Machine on Internet", Software - Practice and Experience, Vol.28(12), pp.1269-1297, Oct 1998.
• Wong M. L., Lam W., Leung K. S., Ngan P. S., and Cheng, J. C. Y., "Discovering Knowledge from Medical Databases Using Evolutionary Algorithms" IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine. Vol.19, No.4, pp.45-55, July/Aug 2000.
• (Li Y.Y.), (Cheung S.K.), Leung K.S. and Wong C.K., "Steiner Tree Constructions in ?3-Metric", IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems-II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 45, No. 5, May 1998.
• Wong M.L. and Leung K.S. "Evolutionary Program Induction Directed by Logic Grammars" - Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 5, No. 2., pp.143-180, MIT Press, 1997
• A. Albrecht, (S.K. Cheung), K.C. Hui,  Leung K.S., and C.K. Wong. "Optimal Placements of Flexible Objects Part I (Analytical Results for the Unbounded Case)" - IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol.46, No.8, pp.890-904, Aug., 1997.
• A. Albrecht, (S.K. Cheung), K.C. Hui, LeungK.S., and C.K. Wong. "Optimal Placements of Flexible Objects Part II (A Simulated Annealing Approach for the Bounded Case)", IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol.46, No.8, pp.905-929, Aug.,1997.
• (Chan W.K.), Leung K.S. and Wong W.S., "An Oject-Oriented Knowledge Based System for Image Diagnosis", Applied Artificial Intelligence, published by Francis & Taylor, Vol.10, No.5, pp.407-438, 1996.
• Leung K.S., (Ji H. B.) and Leung Y. "Adaptive Weighted Outer-Product Learning Associative Memory" - IEEE Transactions on System, Man and Cybernetics, Vol.27, No.3, pp.533-543, June 1997. (IF: 7.384)
• (Wong, M. L.) and Leung, K.S. (1995). "Evolving recursive functions for the even-parity problem using genetic programming." In P. J. Angeline and K. E. Kinnear, Jr. (Eds.) Advances in Genetic Programming 2., Chapter 11, pp.221-240, MA: MIT Press, 1996.
• (Chan W.K.), Leung K. S. and Wong W.S. "An Expert System for the Detection of Cervical Cancer Cells Using Knowledge-Based Image Analyser", Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 8, pp.67-90, 1996, published by Elsevier Science.
• 张文修， 徐宗本， 梁怡， 梁广锡 包 含度理论 模糊系统与数学 10 (4), 1-9, 1996
• (Wong M.L.) and Leung K. S., "Genetic Logic Programming and Applications" - IEEE Expert, pp.68-76, Vol.10, No.5, Oct 1995
• Yam Y. and Leung K. S., Future Directions of Fuzzy Theory and Systems, published by World Scientific Publishing as a monograph, 1995.
• Leung K.S. and (So Y.T.), "Consistency Checking for Fuzzy Expert Systems" - International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, Vol.9, No.3, pp.263-282, Oct., 1993, North-Holland, U.S.A.
• Leung Y. and Leung K. S., "An Intelligent Expert System Shell for Knowledge-Based Geographic Information Systems: 1, The Tools" - International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, Taylor & Francis Ltd, U.K., Vol.7, No.3, pp.189-199, 1993.
• Leung Y. and Leung K. S., "An Intelligent Expert System Shell for Knowledge-Based Geographic Information Systems: 2, Some Applications" - International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, Taylor & Francis Ltd, U.K., Vol.7, No.3, pp.201-213, 1993.
• Leung K.S., (Fan Y.) and (Young F.Y.), "A Chinese Dictionary System Based on Fuzzy Logic and Object-Oriented Approach" - Computer Processing of Chinese and Oriental Languages - An International Journal of the Chinese Language Computer Society, World Scientific Publishing, Vol.6, No.2, pp.205-219, Dec., 1992, Canada.
• K.S. Leung and (M.H. Wong), "Fuzzy Concepts in an Object Oriented Expert System Shell", International Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 171-192, published by John Wiley, N.Y., USA, Feb. 1992.
• K.S. Leung and (M.L. Wong), "Automatic Refinement of Knowledge Bases with Fuzzy Rules", Knowledge-Based Systems, Vol.4, No.4, pp.231-246, Butter worth-Heinemann, Oxford, U.K., Dec. 1991.
• K.S. Leung and (M.L. Wong), "Inducing and Refining Rule-based Knowledge from Inexact Examples", Knowledge Acquisition, Vol.3, No.3, pp.291-315, Academic Press, London, Sept. 1991.
• Leung K.S. and (Wong M.L.), "AKARS-1: An Automatic Knowledge Acquisition and Refinement System" - Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems, IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1991.
• Wong W.S., Leung K. S. and (So Y.T.), "The Recent Development and Evaluation of A Medical Expert System (ABVAB)" - International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing, Vol.25, No.2, pp.223-329, April, 1990.
• (Wong M.H). and Leung K. S., "A Fuzzy Database-Query Language" - Information Systems, Pergamon Press, Vol.15, No.5, pp.583-590, Oct., 1990. (Fuzzy Query Language)
  
• K.S. Leung and (M.H. Wong), "An Expert System Shell Using Structured Knowledge : An Object Oriented Approach", IEEE COMPUTER, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 38-47, March 1990.
• Leung K.S., (Wong M.H.) and (Lam W.), "A Fuzzy Expert Database System" - Data & Knowledge Engineering, North-Holland, Vol.4, No.4, pp.287-304, Dec., 1989.
• Lee K.H., Leung K. S. and (Cheang S.M.), "A Microprogrammable List Processor for Personal Computers" - IEEE MICRO, Vol.10, No.4, pp.50-61, Aug., 1990.
• Leung K.S., Lee K.H. and (Cheang S.M.), "List Processing for Artificial Intelligence Applications" - Microprocessing and Microprogramming - The Euromicro Journal, Vol.26, No.4, pp.271-287, Dec., 1989.
• K.S. Leung and (W. Lam), "A Fuzzy Expert System Shell Using Both Exact and Inexact Reasoning", Journal of Automated Reasoning, published by D. Reidel Publishing Co., Holland, Vol.5, No.2, pp.207-233, June 1989.
• Leung K.S., Wong W.S. and (Lam W.), "Applications of a Novel Fuzzy Expert System Shell" - Expert Systems: The International Journal of Knowledge Engineering, Vol.6, No.1, pp.2-10, Feb., 1989.
• Leung K.S., Wong W.S. and (Lam W.), "The Development of an Expert Computer System on Medical Consultation" - International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing, Vol.23, No.3, pp.265-278, Dec., 1988.
• Leung K.S. and (Lam W.), "Fuzzy Concepts in Expert Systems" - IEEE COMPUTER, Vol.21, No.9, pp.43-56, Sept., 1988.
  

International Conference & Other Refereed Publications (student)

• (Shuai Li), W Chen, S Li, KS Leung. “Improved Algorithm on Online Clustering of Bandits “. Accepted in IJCAI 2019.
• (S Lai), CH Lo, KS Leung, Y Leung. “CUHK at MRP 2019: Transition-Based Parser with Cross-Framework Variable-Arity Resolve Action”. Proceedings of the Shared Task on Cross-Framework Meaning Representation; 2019; https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K19-2010.pdf
• (PK Wong), ML Wong, KS Leung. “Probabilistic grammar-based deep neuroevolution”. Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion; 2019; https://doi.org/10.1145/3319619.3326778
• (PK Wong), ML Wong, KS Leung. “ Semantic fitness function in genetic programming based on semantics flow analysis”. Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion; 2019; https://doi.org/10.1145/3319619.332196
• (R Wang), (S Li), MH Wong, KS Leung. "Drug-Protein-Disease Association Prediction and Drug Repositioning Based on Tensor Decomposition". 2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM'18); 305-312; 2018.
  
• WC Wong, (S Lai), W Lam, KS Leung. "Guiding Approximate Text Classification Rules via Context Information". Asia Information Retrieval Symposium, 133-139; 2018.
• (P Liu), KS Leung. "Accelerating Drug Discovery Using Convolution Neural Network Based Active Learning".TENCON 2018-2018 IEEE Region 10 Conference, 2005-2010; 2018.
• (S Lai), KS Leung, Y Leung. "SUNNYNLP at SemEval-2018 Task 10: A Support-Vector-Machine-Based Method for Detecting Semantic Difference using Taxonomy and Word Embedding Features". Proceedings of The 12th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, 741-746; 1; 2018.
• (PK Wong), ML Wong, KS Leung.  Long-Short Term Memory Network for RNA Structure Profiling Super-Resolution. International Conference on Theory and Practice of Natural Computing, 255-266; 2017
• (KK Tong), KS Leung, Y Leung. “A system for personalized health care with ECG and EEG signals for analysis”. International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), 1-6; 2017
• (PK Wong), ML Wong, KS Leung. Learning grammar rules in probabilistic Grammar-based Genetic Programming. International Conference on Theory and Practice of Natural Computing, 208-220; 2016 
• (WY Yi), KS Leung, Y Leung, ML Meng, T Mak. Modular sensor system (MSS) for urban air pollution monitoring. SENSORS, 2016 IEEE, 1-3; 2016 
• (MC Yuen), I King, KS Leung. An Online-Updating Approach on Task Recommendation in Crowdsourcing Systems. International Conference on Neural Information Processing, 91-101; 2016 
• (PK Wong), ML Wong, KS Leung. Hierarchical Knowledge in Self-Improving Grammar-Based Genetic Programming. International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, 270-280; 2016
• E.S Annie Lee,( HY Sze-To), MH Wong, KS Leung, Terrence CK Lau, Andrew K. C. Wong, “Discovering Protein-DNA Binding Cores by Aligned Pattern Clustering”.  2014 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (   BIBM'14), pp.125-130, Nov, 2014.
  
• (PK Wong), (LY Lo), ML Wong, KS Leung, “Grammar-based genetic programming with dependence learning and Bayesian network classifier”. Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, GECCO 2014, pp.959-966, ACM.
• (PY Wong), TM Chan, MH Wong, KS Leung,"Predicting Approximate Protein-DNA Binding Cores Using Association Rule Mining" ICDE 2012 (International Conference on Data Engineering), Washinton DC, USA, 2012.04.01 (pp.965-976 )
• (PY Wong), TM Chan, MH Wong and KS Leung, Efficient Algorithm for Mining Correlated Protein-DNA Binding Cores, In Proceedings of the DASFAA 2012, pp. 470-481.
• (Hongjian Li), KS Leung, MH Wong: idock: A multithreaded virtual screening tool for flexible ligand docking. CIBCB 2012: 77-84
• (CM Tse), (Hongjian Li), KS Leung, KH Lee, MH Wong: Interactive Drug Design in Virtual Reality. IV 2011: 226-231
• (Hongjian Li), (B Ni), MH Wong, KS Leung: A fast CUDA implementation of agrep algorithm for approximate nucleotide sequence matching. SASP 2011: 74-77
• (B Ni), (LY Lo), KS Leung, “A generalized sequence pattern matching algorithm using complementary dual-seeding”. IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics & Biomedicine (BIBM 2010), pp.369-372.
• TM Chan, KH Lee, KS Leung, Pietro Lio', Generic Spaced DNA Motif Discovery Using Genetic Algorithm. In Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2010), pp. 2647-2654.
  
• (LY Lo), (TM Chan), KH Lee, KS Leung, Challenges Rising from Learning Motif Evaluation Functions Using Genetic Programming. In GECCO 10: Proceedings of the 2010 conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, pp. 171-178.
  
• (G Li), (TM Chan), KS Leung and KH Lee, An Estimation of Distribution Algorithm for Motif Discovery. In Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2008), IEEE Press, 2008, pp. 2416-2423.
  
• (TM Chan), KS Leung, KH Lee, TFBS identification by position- and consensus-led genetic algorithm with local filtering. In GECCO 07: Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, pp. 377-384.
• (Wenye Li), K. S. Leung and K. H. Lee, Large-scale RLSC Learning Without Agony, Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2007), pp. 529-536, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 20-24 June 2007.
• (Wenye Li), K. S. Leung and K. H. Lee, Generalizing the Bias Term of Support Vector Machines, Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI07) (Volume one), pp. 919 – 924, Hyderabad, India, 6-12 January 2007.
• (Wenye Li), K. H. Lee and K. S. Leung, Generalized Regularized Least-Squares Learning with Predefined Features in a Hilbert Space, Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS2006), 5-7 December, 2006, Vancouver, Canada, pp 881-888.
• KS Leung,YT Ng, KH Lee, LY Chan, KW Tsui, Tony Mok, CH Tse, Joseph Sung, "Data Mining on DNA Sequences of Hepatitis B Virus by Nonlinear Integrals" Proceedings Taiwan-Japan Symposium on Fuzzy Systems & Innovational Computing, 3rd meeting, pp.1-10 Aug 2006, Japan (Keynote Speech)
  
• (Y. Liang), K. S. Leung and Tony S. K. Mok, Automating the Drug Scheduling with Different Toxicity Metabolism in Cancer Chemotherapy via Evolutionary Computation, Lecture Notes in Computer Science  (GECCO2006: ACM International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference), Seattle, WA, USA, July 2006, (nomination for best paper award)
  
• (W.H. Shum), K.S. Leung, and M.L. Wong, "Learning Functional Dependency Networks based on Genetic Programming" ICDM'05, the proceedings The Fifth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), pp.394-401, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., November 27-30, 2005, the IEEE Computer Society Press. (full paper, acceptance rate: 10.95%)
• (W.S. Lau), (Gang Li), K.H. Lee, K.S. Leung and Sin Man Cheang, “Multi-logic-Unit Processor: A Combinational Logic Circuit Evaluation Engine for Genetic Parallel Programming”, Proceedings of EuroGP 2005: 167-177, 2005
  
• (LIANG Yong), Leung K.S. and Mok Tony.    "Evolutionary Drug Scheduling Model for Cancer Chemotherapy." Proceedings of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (Part I) - GECCO 2004,  (also as Lecture Notes in Computer Science LNCS 3102), pp. 1126-1137, Germany, (Nomination for best paper award at International Conference GECCO-2004. ) 2004.06.
• (Cheang S. M.), Lee K.H. and Leung K. S. "Designing Optimal Combinational Digital Circuits Using a Multiple Logic Unit Processor." Proceedings of the 7th European Conference (EuroGP 2004) (also in Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol 3003)    "Maarten Keijzer, Una-May O'Reilly, Simon M. Lucas, Ernesto Costa, Terence Soule (Eds.)"    Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 23-34, Germany, 2004.04
• (H.D. Jin), K.S. Leung and M.L. Wong, “Scalable Model-Based Clustering by Working on Data Summaries,” The IEEE Int. Conf. on Data Mining- (ICDM 2003, , Regular paper, acceptance rate 11.6%),  pp.91-98, USA, Nov 2003
• K.S.Leung & (Y.Liang) "Adaptive Elitist-population Based Genetic Algorithm for Multimodal Function Optimization," Proceeding of International Conference GECCO-2003, pp.1160-1171, July 2003 ( Nomination for best paper award at International Conference GECCO-2003.)
• Leung K.S. and (Liang Y.) “Evolution Strategies with a Fourier Series Auxiliary Function for Difficult Function Optimization” .” Proceedings of The 4th Int. Conf. On Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning- IDEAL 2003, pp.303-312, March 2003, LNCS 2690. (regular paper, 29% acceptance rate)
• (Shum W.H.), (Jin H.D.), Leung, K.S. and Wong, M.L. (2002). “A Self-Organizing Map with Expanding Force for Data Clustering and Visulization.” Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), pp434-441, Japan. (regular paper, 19.6% acceptance rate)
• Wong, M.L., (Lee, S.Y.), and Leung, K.S. (2002). “A Hybrid Approach to Discover Bayesian Networks from Databases Using Evolutionary Programming.” Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), pp498-505, Japan. (regular paper, 19.6% acceptance rate)
  
• K.S. Leung, K.H. Lee, and (S.M. Cheang),"Genetic Parallel Programming - Evolving Linear Machine Codes on a Multi-ALU Processor," The Int. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering and Technology ICAIET-2002, Sabah, Malaysia, 17-18 June 2002.
• (Liang Y.), Leung K.S., "Two-way Mutation Evolution Strategies,"   2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC'02) (accepted).
• (Z.Y Zhu) & K.S. Leung, "Asynchronous Self-Adjustable Island Genetic Algorithm for Multi-Objective Optimization Problems," 2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation  (CEC'02),  May 12-17, 2002, USA. (Accepted)
• (Z.Y. Zhu) & K.S. Leung, "An Enhanced Annealing Genetic Algorithm for Multi-Objective Optimization Problems," Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2002  (GECCO-2002), July 9-13,2002, NY, USA.
• Wong, M.L., (Lee, S.Y.), and Leung, K.S. (2002). "A Hybrid Data Mining Approach to Discover Bayesian Networks Using Evolutionary Programming."  Proceedings of the 2002 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. (Accepted)
• Wong, M. L., (Lee, S. Y.), and Leung, K. S. (2002). A Hybrid Approach to Learn Bayesian Networks Using Evolutionary Programming. Proceedings of 2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation.
• K.S. Leung, K.H. Lee, and (S.M. Cheang), "Balancing Samples' Contributions on GA Learning," The Int. Conf. on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware, ICES2001, Tokyo, Japan, 3-5 October 2001.
• (Zhu Z.Y.) and Leung K.S. "Non-dominated Sorting Annealing Genetic Algorithms for Multi-objective Optimization Problems," Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Robotics & Autonomous systems,(CIRAS 2001),  pp.1-6, 28-30 Nov. 2001, Singapore.
• (Jin Huidong), Leung Kwong Sak, Wong Man Leung, " Genetic-guided Model-based Clustering Algorithms," Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IC-AI'2001) Vol. II, pp.653-659 CSREA Press, 25-28 July, 2001
• (Liang Y.), Leung K.S. and Xu Z.B., "Fast-GA: A Genetic Algorithm with Exclusion-based Selections" Proceedings of  2001 WSES International Conference on: Evolutionary Computations (EC'01), pp.638(1)-638(6), Spain. Also appears as a book chapter in Advances in Fuzzy Systems & Evolutionary Computation, (Ed. N. Mastorakis), pp.311-316, Feb 2001.
• (Yue H.Y.), King I. and Leung K.S., "Fuzzy Clustering Method for Content-based Indexing" Proceedings of International Conference on Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Systems  (FSFS '01), pp.541(1)-(6), Spain. Also appears as a book chapter in Advances in Fuzzy Systems & Evolutionary Computation, (Ed. N. Mastorakis), pp.138-143, Feb 2001.
• (JIN H.D.), Leung K.S. and Wong M.L., "An Integrated Self-Organizing Map for the Travelling Salesman Problem" Proceedings of  International Conference on: Neural Networks and Applications (NNA '01), pp.428(1)-(6). Also appears as a book chapter in Advances in Neural Networks and Applications, (Ed. N. Mastorakis), pp.235-240, Feb 2001.
• (Zhu Z.Y.) and Leung K. S., "Exclusion-based Cooperative Coevolution Genetic Algorithm" 2001 WSES International Conference on Evolutionary Computations (EC'01) pp.637(1)-637(6), 2.2001.
• (JIN H.D.), Leung K.S. and Wong M.L., "An Integrated Self-Organizing Map for the Traveling Salesman Problem"  International Conference on: Neural Networks and Applications (NNA '01)), pp.428(1)-(6). Also appears as a book chapter in Advances in Neural Networks and Applications, (Ed. N. Mastorakis), pp.235-240, Feb 2001.
• (Jin H.D), Leung K.S., Wong M.L., "A Genetic Algorithm-Guided Model-based Clustering Algorithm" In Proceedings of 2000 Genetic & Evolutionary Computation Conference (Late breaking papers), pp.133-140, U.S.A., July, 2000.
• Leung K.S., Wong M.L., and W. Lam and Jack Cheng. "Applying Evolutionary Computation to Discover Knowledge from Medical Databases" (Invited paper), International Workshop on Evolutionary Computation, April 2000, Wuhan,  China.
• (Jin H.D), Leung K.S., Wong M.L., "Designing an Expanded SOM for Travailing Salesman Problem by Genetic Algorithms " In Proceedings of 2000 Genetic & Evolutionary Computation Conference, pp.1097, U.S.A., July, 2000.
• (Y.C. Wong), K.S. Leung, and C.K. Wong,  "Computation of Physical Properties of Materials using Percolation Networks"  In Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing, pp.33-37, U.S.A., Aug. 1999.
• (C.W.Ho), K.H.Lee, and K.S.Leung "A Genetic Algorithm Based on Mutation and Crossover with Adaptive Probabilities," Proceedings of 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, pp.768-775. IEEE, U.S.A., July 1999.
• (Lee Y.W.), Leung K.S. and  M Satyanarayanan "Operation-based Update Propagation in a Mobile File System"  Proceedings of 1999 USENIX Annual Technical Conference, pp.43-56, U.S.A., June 1999.
• (Yuk-Yin Wong), Kin-Hong Lee, Kwong-Sak Leung. "A Stochastic Load  Balancing Algorithm for Internet Computing Environment". Proceedings  of The International Conference on Parallel and Distributed  Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA'99), Vol. V,  pp.2587-2593, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 1999.06.28
• Leung K.S., Wong T. and King I. "Probabilistic Cooperative-Competitive Hierarchical Modeling for Global Optimization" Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Soft Computing and Information/Intelligent Systems, pp.748-751, Oct, 1998.
• Leung K.S., Wong T. and King I. "Probabilistic Cooperative-Competitive Hierarchical Modeling as a Genetic Operator in Global Optimization" Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetic pp.3959-3964, Oct, 1998. (IF: 7.384)
• Ngan P. S.,. Wong M. L, Leung K. S. and Cheng J. C. Y. "Using Grammar Based Genetic Programming for Data Mining of Medical Knowledge." Genetic Programming 1998: Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference, pp.254-259, USA, July 1998.
• Lam W., Wong M. L., Leung K. S. and Ngan P. S.. "Discovering Probabilistic Knowledge from Databases Using Evolutionary Computation and Minimum Description Length Principle." Genetic Programming 1998: Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference, pp.786-794, USA, July 1998.
• Leung K.S. and Zhenyuan Wang, A new nonlinear integral used for information fusion, Proc. WCCI'98 (1998 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence), 802-807., USA.
• Leung, K. S., Wong, M. L., Lam, W., and Wang, Z. Y.. Discovering Nonlinear Integral Networks from Databases Using Evolutionary Computation and Minimum Description Length Principle. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetic pp.2326-2331, Oct 1998.
• (S. K. Cheung), K. S. Leung, A. Albrecht, and C. K. Wong, ``Optimal placements of flexible objects: An adaptive simulated annealing approach,'' in Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving From Nature (PPSN V) , pp.968-977, Sept 1998.
• Wang Z.Y., Leung K.S. and Wang J. "Genetic Algorithms Used for Determining Belief Measures and Plausibility Measures," Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS'97), pp.195-198, New York, U.S.A., IEEE, September 1997.
• (Cheung S.K.), Leung K.S., Albrecht A. and Wong C.K.  "Optimal Placements of Flexible Objects: An Evolutionary Programming Approach" - Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, Michigan State University, (ICGA97), pp. 583—590, 1997.
• Wang Z.Y., Leung K.S. and Wang J. "Genetic algorithms used for Determining Nonadditive Set Functions in Information Fusion" - Proceedings of Seventh International Fuzzy Systems Association world Congress, pp.518-521, Academia, Prague, June 1997.
• Leung K. S., Lee K.H. and (Lau C.K.) "A Fuzzy-Logic Multimedia Chinese Dictionary Shell" In the Proceedings of the 20th Anniversary Conference on Computer Processing of Oriental Languages, U.S.A., pp.239-246, November, 1995.
• (Ji H. B.), Leung K. S. and Leung Y. "Gaussian Correlation Associative Memory" In the Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks. pp.1761-1766, December, 1995.
• (Wong, M. L.) and Leung, K. S. (1995). "Combining Genetic Programming and Inductive Logic Programming using Logic Grammars." In the Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computing, Vol.2, pp.733-736, Dec., 1995.
• (Wong, M. L.) and Leung, K. S. (1995). "Applying Logic Grammars to Induce sub- functions in Genetic Programming." In the Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computing, Vol.2, pp.737- 740, Dec., 1995.
• (Wong, M. L.) and Leung, K. S., "An Adaptive Inductive Logic Programming System using Genetic Programming." In Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming, San Diego, USA, pp.737-752, MA:MIT Press. March, 1995.
• (Tang Y.C. Anthony) and Leung K. S., "A Modified Edge Recombination Operator for the Travelling Salesman Problem" - Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 866, pp.180-188, Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - PPSN III, the International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, Jeruselum, Israel, Oct 1994.
• (Wong, M. L.) and Leung, K. S., "Learning First-order Relations from Noisy Databases using Genetic Algorithms." In Proceedings of the Second Singapore International Conference on Intelligent Systems, pp.B159-164, Nov. 1994.
• Leung K.S., Ji H.B. and Leung Y., "Weighted Outer-Product Learning Associative Memory with Adaptive Algorithms" - Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems and Neural Networks, pp.100-105, Zurich, Switzerland, July 1994.
• Leung K.S. and Leung Y., "Fuzzy Knowledge-Based Systems: Reviews and Perspectives" - Workshop on the Future Directions of Fuzzy Theory and Systems, pp.A.1-16, Oct.,1993.
• Leung K.S., Leung Y., (So L.) and (Yam K.F.), "Rule Learning in Expert Systems Using Genetic Algorithm: 1, Concepts" - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Fuzzy Logic & Neural Networks, Japan, July 17-22, 1992, pp201-204.
• Leung K.S., Leung Y., (So L.) and (Yam K.F.), "Rule Learning in Expert Systems Using Genetic Algorithm: 2, Empirical Studies" - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Fuzzy Logic & Neural Networks, Japan, July 17-22, 1992, pp205-208.

Research summary (KS Leung)

Research Fields: Evolutionary Computation, Data mining, and Bioinformatics

Representative Projects and Results:

(1)   Finding DNA Markers of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

• Supported by an ITF grant of over $4.4 million+ 2 million from drug industry and several other small grants
• Cross departmental project and top international collaborators
• Largest project of its type
• Impact: Over 20% and 10% of Mainland and Hong Kong Populations are carriers and many will turn into lever cancer. About 1 million people died of related diseases worldwide each year.
• Results: We found some significant markers which can be used to diagnosis potential lever cancers caused by Hepatitis B   with around 80% accuracy. Patents have been obtained through RTAO. A new approach based on Information Gain, non-linear integral and rule learning algorithms have been adapted to achieve this. New subtypes of  HBV  were also discovered.

• KS Leung, KH Lee, (JF Wang), (Eddie YT Ng), Henry LY Chan, Stephen KW Tsui, Tony SK Mok, C.H. Tse, Joseph JY Sung, “Data Mining on DNA Sequences of Hepatitis B Virus”. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. vol.8 no.2, pp.428-40. 2011.03.
  
• KS Leung,YT Ng, KH Lee, LY Chan, KW Tsui, Tony Mok, CH Tse, Joseph Sung, "Data Mining on DNA Sequences of Hepatitis B Virus by Nonlinear Integrals" Proceedings Taiwan-Japan Symposium on Fuzzy Systems & Innovational Computing, 3rd meeting, pp.1-10 Aug 2006, Japan (Keynote Speech)
  
•  Joseph JY Sung, KW Tsui, CH Tse, Eddie YT Ng, KS Leung, KH Lee, Tony SK Mok, A. Bartholomeusz, CC Au, S Locarnini, Henry LY Chan “Genotype-Specific Genomic Markers Associated with Primary Hepatoma Based on Complete Genomic Sequencing of Hepatitis B Virus,” The Journal of Virology, Vol.82, No.7, pp3604-3611, Apr. 2008. (IF 5.341).
• Chan HLY, Tsui SKW, Tse CH, Ng EYT, Au TCC, Yuen L, Bartholomeusz A, Leung KS, Lee KH, Locarnini S, Sung JJY. Epidemiological and virological characteristics of two subgroups of genotype C hepatitis C virus. J Infect Dis 2005;191:2022-32. (impact factor:  4.943)
• Sung JJY, Tsui SKW, Tse CH, Ng E, Leung KS, Lee KH, Mok TSK, Bartholomeusz A, Chan HLY. Viral genomic marker associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma: A complete genomic sequence of hepatitis B virus. Gastroenterology 2005;128:A743. (Impact factor: 13.092)(abstract)
• Henry L.Y. Chan, C.H. Tse, Eddie Y.T. Ng, K.S. Leung , K.H. Lee, K.W. Tsui , Joseph J. Y. Sung “Phylogenetic, Virological and Clinical Characteristics of Genotype C Hepatitis B Virus With Tcc At Codon 15 Of The Precore Region,” Journal of Clinical Microbiology, (impact factor 3.439) accepted
• ****DNA Patents****
• SUNG Joseph Jao Yiu; CHAN Lik Yuen Henry; TSUI Kwok Wing; LEUNG Kwong Sak; MOK Shu Kam Tony; BARTHOLOMEUSZ Angeline; LEUNG Wai Yee Nancy and LEE Kin Hong.  "Genomic Markers of Hepatitis B Virus in Hepatocellular Carcinoma".  United States Patent no. US7439020B2. U.S.A, 2008.10.21.
• SUNG Jao Yiu, Joseph; CHAN Lik Yuen, Henry; TSUI Kwok Wing, Stephen; LEUNG Kwong Sak; MOK Shu Kam, Tony; BARTHOLOMEUSZ Angeline; LEUNG Wai Yee, Nancy and LEE Kin Hong. "Genomic Markers of Hepatitis B Virus Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma." United States Patent no. US7871780. U.S.A, 2011.01.18.
• SUNG Joseph Jao Yiu; CHAN Lik Yuen Henry; TSUI Kwok Wing; LEUNG Kwong Sak; MOK Shu Kam Tony; BARTHOLOMEUSZ Angeli; LEUNG Wai Yee Nancy and LEE Kin Hong.  "與肝細胞癌相關的乙型肝炎病毒基因組標志物".  Chinese Patent no. ZL200510098674.0. China, 2008.03.26.
• SUNG Joseph Jao Yiu; CHAN Lik Yuen Henry; TSUI Kwok Wing; LEUNG Kwong Sak; MOK Shu Kam Tony; BARTHOLOMEUSZ Angeline; LEUNG Wai Yee Nancy and LEE Kin Hong.  "Genomic Markers of Hepatitis B Virus in Hepatocellular Carcinoma 與肝細胞癌相關的乙型肝炎病毒基因組標志物".  HK Standard Patent no. HK1087440. Hong Kong SAR, 2008.06.13.
• SUNG Joseph Jao Yiu; CHAN Lik Yuen Henry; TSUI Kwok Wing; LEUNG Kwong Sak; MOK Shu Kam Tony; BARTHOLOMEUSZ Angeli; LEUNG Wai Yee Nancy and LEE Kin Hong.  "與肝細胞癌相關的乙型肝炎病毒基因組標志物".  Chinese Patent no. ZL200810004158.0. China, 2010.12.15.
• SUNG Joseph Jao Yiu; CHAN Lik Yuen Henry; TSUI Kwok Wing; LEUNG Kwong Sak; MOK Shu Kam Tony; BARTHOLOMEUSZ Angeline; LEUNG Wai Yee Nancy and LEE Kin Hong.  "Genomic Markers of Hepatitis B Virus in Hepatocellular Carcinoma 與肝細胞癌相關的乙型肝炎病毒基因組標志物".  HK Standard Patent no. HK1120569. Hong Kong SAR, 13 May 2011.
• SUNG Joseph Jao Yiu; CHAN Lik Yuen Henry; TSUI Kwok Wing; LEUNG Kwong Sak; MOK Shu Kam Tony; BARTHOLOMEUSZ Angeli; LEUNG Wai Yee Nancy and LEE Kin Hong.  "與肝細胞癌相關的乙型肝炎病毒基因組標志物".  Chinese Patent no.  ZL200810004159.5. China,  7 September 2011.
• SUNG Joseph Jao Yiu; CHAN Lik Yuen Henry; TSUI Kwok Wing; LEUNG Kwong Sak; MOK Shu Kam Tony; BARTHOLOMEUSZ Angeline; LEUNG Wai Yee Nancy and LEE Kin Hong.  "Genomic Markers of Hepatitis B Virus in Hepatocellular Carcinoma 與肝細胞癌相關的乙型肝炎病毒基因組標志物".  HK Standard Patent no. HK1120570. Hong Kong SAR, 3 February 2012.
• SUNG Joseph Jao Yiu; CHAN Lik Yuen Henry; TSUI Kwok Wing; LEUNG Kwong Sak; MOK Shu Kam Tony; BARTHOLOMEUSZ Angeli; LEUNG Wai Yee Nancy and LEE Kin Hong.  "與肝細胞癌相關的乙型肝炎病毒基因組標志物".  Chinese Patent no. ZL200810004160.8. China, 8 December 2010.
• SUNG Joseph Jao Yiu; CHAN Lik Yuen Henry; TSUI Kwok Wing; LEUNG Kwong Sak; MOK Shu Kam Tony; BARTHOLOMEUSZ Angeline; LEUNG Wai Yee Nancy and LEE Kin Hong.  "Genomic Markers of Hepatitis B Virus in Hepatocellular Carcinoma 與肝細胞癌相關的乙型肝炎病毒基因組標志物".  HK Standard Patent no. HK1120571. Hong Kong SAR, 13 May 2011.
• SUNG Jao Yiu, Joseph; CHAN Lik Yuen, Henry; TSUI Kwok Wing, Stephen; LEUNG Kwong Sak; MOK Shu Kam, Tony; BARTHOLOMEUSZ Angeline; LEUNG Wai Yee, Nancy and LEE Kin Hong. "Genomic Markers of Hepatitis B Virus Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma." World Intellectual Property Organization. Publication number WO/2006/026931. 2006.03.16

(2)   Dynamic Cancer Drug Scheduling (in time sequences) for Chemotherapy

•  We have created a multi-mode (solutions), multi-drug optimizer for Cancer Chemotherapy, so that the Oncologist (Dr Mok) can have a choice of several (sub-)optimal solutions to consider for the patients. The approach is based on a new memetic Evolutionary Algorithm working on a set of dynamic differential equations modelling the drug responses.
• Support by a RGC Earmarked Grant

• We have discovered several cancer drugs through drug repurposing.
• We have developed idock (https://Github.com/HongjianLi/idock ), a multithreaded virtual screening tool for flexible ligand docking. It outperforms AutoDock Vina by at least 8.69 times and at most 37.51 times in terms of docking speed.
• We have also developed istar (http://istar.cse.cuhk.edu.hk ), a SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) platform for idock, igrep and other programs. Users can submit jobs on the fly at our web site without software installation.
• We are currently working on GPU acceleration and ligand synthesis.
• Collaborating with Professor Hsiang-Fu KUNG's research group, we are laboratory testing a newly discoveried peptide based vaccin for Hand, Foot and Mouth disease with promising results.
• Applying patent: US Provisional Application No. 61/863,172 filed on 7 August 2013
          Title: Human Enterovirus 71 (EV71) Peptide
  

    ***Drug Patents***

• YF Liu, Lin Li, HJ Li, LH Gao, H Lin, X Liu, KS Leung, MH Wong, Marie CM Lin, and Hsiang-Fu Kung.: “Application of olsalazine sodium as a medicine for preventing and treating hyperuricemia and gout.” Patent ID: ZL201610939874.2. Authorization announcement ID: CN106344591B; 7 Sep 2018.
• XN Shi, Hsiang-fu Kung, KS Leung, HJ Li, MH Wong, Marie CM Lin, X Liu and D Lu “New application of vanoxerine dihydrochloride drug. Inventors:. Patent ID: ZL201510905924.0. Authorization announcement ID: CN105434438B. 17 Sep 2019.
•  XN Shi, Hsiang-fu Kung, HJ Li, KS Leung, MH Wong, Marie CM Lin, X Liu, KB Ke, D Lu and Y Zhu. “Novel application of aminoquinol.” Patent ID: ZL201610059333.0. Authorization announcement ID: CN105640955B. 24 Dec 2019. 
• XN Shi, Hsiang-fu Kung, HJ Li, KS Leung, Man-Hon Wong, Marie Chia-mi Lin, Xu Liu and Di Lu “New application of rafoxanide”. Inventors:. Application ID: 201610059096.8. Application date: 28 Jan 2016. Publication ID: CN105687171A. Publication date: 22 Jun 2016. (under review)
  
  

- HJ Li, KS Leung, MH Wong and PJ Ballester. "USR-VS: a web server for large-scale prospective virtual screening using ultrafast shape recognition techniques". Nucleic Acids Research, 2016. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw320
- HJ Li, KS Leung, MH Wong and PJ Ballester. "Correcting the impact of docking pose generation error on binding affinity prediction". BMC Bioinformatics, 2016. Manuscript accepted
- XN Shi, HJ Li, H Yao, X Liu, LLi, KS Leung, HF Kung, D Lu, MH Wong, and Marie CM Lin. In silico Identification and in vitro and in vivo Validation of Anti-Psychotic Drug Fluspirilene as a Potential CDK2 Inhibitor and a Candidate Anti-Cancer Drug. PLoS ONE, 10(7):e0132072, 2015. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132072
- HJ Li, KS Leung, MH Wong and PJ. Ballester. Low-Quality Structural and Interaction Data Improves Binding Affinity Prediction via Random Forest. Molecules, 20(6):10947-10962, 2015. DOI: 10.3390/molecules20061094
- (HJ Li), KS Leung1, MH Wong1 and PJ  Ballester. “Improving AutoDock Vina Using Random Forest: The Growing Accuracy of Binding Affinity Prediction by the Effective Exploitation of Larger Data Sets.” Molecular Informatics, Article first published online: 12 FEB 2015, DOI: 10.1002/minf.201400132
- XN Shi, (HJ L)i, H Yao, X Liu, L Li, KS Leung, HF Kung, MH Wong, and Marie CM Lin. "Adapalene Inhibited the Activity of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 in Colorectal Carcinoma". Molecular Medicine Reports. (accepted)
- (HJ Li), KS Leung, MH Wong and PJ Ballester,"Substituting Random Forest for Multiple Linear Regression Improves Binding Affinity Prediction of Scoring Functions: Cyscore as a Case Study", BMC Bioinformatics, 2014, 15(1):291  DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-291  
- (HJ Li), KS Leung, T Nakane and MH Wong. "iview: an interactive WebGL visualizer for protein-ligand complex". BMC Bioinformatics, 15(1):56, 2014. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-56
- (HJ Li), KS Leung, P. Ballester, MH Wong. "istar: A Web Platform for Large-Scale Protein-Ligand Docking", PLoS ONE 9(1): e85678, 2014. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0085678
- (Hongjian Li), Kwong-Sak Leung, and Man-Hon Wong. idock: A Multithreaded Virtual Screening Tool for Flexible Ligand Docking. 2012 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB), pp.77-84, San Diego, United States, 9-12 May 2012. DOI: 10.1109/CIBCB.2012.6217214

(5)  Genetic Parallel Programming

• Supported by 2 RGC Earmarked Grants
• We have found that parallel programs can be evolved (learnt) faster than sequential ones and have developed a completely new framework to evolving parallel programs. It forms a brand new approach in the field of Genetic Programming.  It has been used successfully in many applications including hardware design. We have some exciting new results which can beat most of the existing state-of-the-art algorithms in small circuits’ synthesis. Hopefully we can scale it up!

                -  (S. M. Cheang), K. H. Lee and K.S. Leung “Applying Genetic Parallel Programming to Synthesize Combinational Logic Circuits,” IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol.11, No.4, pp.503-520, August 2007.
-  (Cheang S.M.), Leung K.S. and Lee K.H. “Genetic Parallel Programming: Design and Implementation,” Evolutionary Computation (MIT-Press) Vol. 14 Issue 2, pp. 129-156, 2006 (impact factor: 3.2)

(6)   Learning Bayesian Network by a new Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm

• One of the fastest and most accurate hybridised EA algorithms for learning Bayesian networks
• Successfully applied in many data mining problems

(7)   Non-linear Integral for Data Mining

            Addresses the issue of dependency of input attributes successfully in data mining. It has the unique advantage of recovering the explicit dependencies among attributes as well as giving high prediction rates in classification.

          - (Xu K.B.), Wang Z.Y., Heng P.A.. and Leung K.S. “Classification by Nonlinear Integral Projections” Special Issue on
          Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, (Special issue on Fuzzy Systems in Knowledge
             Discovery & Data Mining), Vol.11, No.2, pp187-201,  April 2003.
      - (Rong Yang), Z.Y. Wang, P.A. Heng, and K.S. Leung, “Fuzzified Choquet integral with fuzzy-valued integrand and its
         application on temperature prediction,” IEEE Trans. SMCB, Vol.38, no.2, pp367-380, April 2008.
      - K.S. Leung, M.L. Wong, W. Lam, Z.Y. Wang and (K.B. Xu ) "Learning Nonlinear Multiregression Networks Based on
         Evolutionary Computation", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part B, Vol.32, No.5, pp.630-644,
         October 2002.

(8)   New type of Bayesian Networks

           We have invented a new Bayesian network that addresses the functional relationship problem of the attributes.

• (WY Yi), K Leung, Y Leung. “Air quality measurement with modular sensor system and method”. US Patent 10,533,981, 1, 2020; https://patents.google.com/patent/US10533981B2/e

i.   Senior Engineer, ERA Technology, England: Project leader for several international R&D projects (80-84)
ii.  System Analyst, Central Electricity Generating Board, England: Responsible for planning, design and coding 
       of the software of electrical system and generators for nuclear power station real time simulator projects.(84-85)
iii. Managed and developed 8 major computer hardware and software systems) e.g.:

• PI: e-Health Platform with various health sensors such as wireless wearable ECG sensor with AI monitoring developed by our group
• Co-PI: An integrated web-based air pollution decision support system with 10 different plug-and-play pollutant sensors, including PM2.5, CO2, radiations, etc.

Our group will move our attention to creating new algorithms for high impact real-life genomic problems such as gene networks acquisition, large scale data mining on Transcription Factors and Transcription Factor Binding Sites, multiple gene sequence alignment, marker extraction, and functional region identification problems. We have been working on new data structures, indexing and EAs with dynamic time warping (DTW) to solve these problems. Prof MH Wong who is an expert in database and DTW has been contributing in this new drive. We are working on real life Genomic problems on Hepatitis-B, HIV and Diabetes. Drug/Ligand discovery is also vigorously being pursued.