睡眠健康
睡眠健康
睡眠健康狀況評估 |
「艾和夫瞌睡評估表」(The Epworth Sleepiness Scale)可助您初步了解自己的睡眠健康狀況, 簡單評估日間瞌睡(眼瞓)的程度。[按此開始評估]
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睡-醒障礙症是一個統稱﹐當中包括80多個不同病症種類﹐部分成因不明﹐而有部份是由疾病﹑痛症﹑情緒病(例如抑鬱症﹑焦慮症)﹑藥物等導致;另外﹐年齡增長﹑咖啡因和酒精的攝取量,或者不穩定的作息時間(如需輪班工作)亦是可能的成因。常見的睡-醒障礙包括失眠(包括難以入睡或維持睡眠、早醒)、阻塞性睡眠窒息症等。
流行病學研究顯示,睡眠時間不足或睡眠質素欠佳與一些健康風險增加有關,包括肥胖1、代謝綜合症2、二型糖尿病3、心血管疾病4-6、某些癌症7-10、情緒失調11。另一方面,有研究指出睡眠時間長(每晚九小時或以上)也會增加成年人患慢性疾病的風險4,12,13。但從實際人口角度看,睡眠時間不足的問題遠比睡眠時間過長嚴重。
睡-醒障礙症是可以治療的。常見的治療方法包括藥物﹑認知行為療法/放鬆技巧﹑正氣壓呼吸機等。若有睡眠健康問題,建議盡快尋求醫生的診斷和治療,以免對身心健康造成長遠的影響。
睡眠健康小貼士 |
1. 作息要定時﹐切忌長期不眠不休 |
相關資訊:
1. Cappuccio FP, Taggart FM, Kandala NB, et al. Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep 2008;31:619-26.
2. Hall MH, Muldoon MF, Jennings JR, et al. Self-reported sleep duration is associated with the metabolic syndrome in midlife adults. Sleep 2008;31:635-43.
3. Cappuccio FP, D'Elia L, Strazzullo P, et al. Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a sys-tematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care2010;33:414-20.
4. Cappuccio FP, Cooper D, D'Elia L, et al. Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur Heart J2011;32:1484-92.
5. Sofi F, Cesari F, Casini A, et al. Insomnia and risk of car-diovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012.
6. Wang Q, Xi B, Liu M, et al. Short sleep duration is associ-ated with hypertension risk among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertens Res 2012;35:1012-8.
7. Kakizaki M, Inoue K, Kuriyama S, et al. Sleep duration and the risk of prostate cancer: the Ohsaki Cohort Study. Br J Cancer 2008;99:176-8.
8. Kakizaki M, Kuriyama S, Sone T, et al. Sleep duration and the risk of breast cancer: the Ohsaki Cohort Study. Br J Cancer 2008;99:1502-5.
9. Thompson CL, Larkin EK, Patel S, et al. Short duration of sleep increases risk of colorectal adenoma. Cancer 2011;117:841-7.
10. von Ruesten A, Weikert C, Fietze I, et al. Association of sleep duration with chronic diseases in the European Pro-spective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study. PLoS One 2012;7:e30972.
11. Taylor DJ, Lichstein KL, Durrence HH, et al. Epidemiolo-gy of insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Sleep2005;28:1457-64.
12. Pigeon WR, Pinquart M, Conner K. Meta-analysis of sleep disturbance and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. J Clin Psychiatry 2012;73:e1160-7.
13. Arora T, Jiang CQ, Thomas GN, et al. Self-reported long total sleep duration is associated with metabolic syn-drome: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2011;34:2317-9.