HIST3420 Gender and History

課程簡介

本科以性別為學術研究之重要新範式，評論其對主流歷史分析和解讀之挑戰，以及女性主義史學之影響。任教老師將按其研究專長定出有關中國、亞洲或西方之婦女/性別史專題為該年討論之具體課題。

本年度之討論重點為性別與宗教。課程以歷史文化比較角度，分析中外不同的信仰系統，如何定義男女性別的不同宗教角色，以及建構兩性權力關係。

學習目標:

1. 從歷史角度分析在不同宗教信仰與宗教生活中，兩性關係的變化
2. 從性別角度思考宗教信仰與行為，如何延續或顛覆社會主流性別關係及論述
3. 加入性別元素，反思宗教史的研究方向及史料運用

課程大綱：

一、 導論：性別與宗教

二、中國民間宗教中的神、鬼、祖先 (1)

三、中國民間宗教中的神、鬼、祖先 (2)

四 、女神與女性特質

五 、通神：性別與神媒

六、儀式與性別

七 、成仙：中國道教中的性別關係

八 、成佛：中國佛教中的性別關係

九、日本女性與宗教：神道、佛教與水子供養

十、救贖：基督教中兩性關係的變化

十一 、印度教：寡婦、娑提與殖民主義

十二、回教：面紗、回教法律與伊斯蘭婦女

十三 、總結

導修日期：9/10, 23/10, 6/11, 20/11, 27/11, 4/12

Session A: 星期五，2:30-4:15                       

Session B: 星期五，4:30-6:15

討論課題及閱讀材料：

一、 導論：性別與宗教

• 李貞德，〈最近中國宗教史研究中的女性問題〉，李玉珍，林美玫編，《婦女與宗教：跨領域的視野》(台北：里仁，2003)，頁1-31。
• King, Ursula. “Religion and Gender: Embedded Patterns, Interwoven Frameworks.” In Teresa A. Meade and Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks, eds, A Companion to Gender History (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2004), pp. 70-83.
• Teng, Jinhua Emma (鄧津華). “Religion as a Source of Oppression and Creativity for Chinese Women.” Journal of Women and Gender Studies 1 (January 1990): 165-194.

二、 中國民間宗教中的神、鬼、祖先 (1) [* Tutorial 1 readings]

• *黃萍瑛，《臺灣民間信仰”孤娘”的奉祀 : 一個社會史的考察》 (台北市：稻鄉出版社，2008)，第二章，〈臺灣漢人社會的冥婚習俗〉，頁37-68。
• *Barr, Allan. “Disarming Intruders: Alien Women in Liaozhai zhiyi,” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol. 49, No. 2 (Dec., 1989), pp. 501-517.
• *Topley, Marjorie. “Ghost Marriages among the Singapore Chinese,” and “Chinese Women’s Vegetarian Houses in Singapore.” In Cantonese Society in Hong Kong and Singapore: Gender, Religion, Medicine and Money (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2011), pp. 97-123.

三、中國民間宗教中的神、鬼、祖先 (2)

• 廖小菁，〈神龕上的祖姑婆：何仙姑信仰與泛珠三角地區的女性崇拜〉，《近代中國婦女史研究》， 26期 (2015 / 12 / 01) ，頁133-191。
• Ahern, Emily. “The Power and Pollution of Chinese Women.” In Arthur Wolf, ed. Studies in Chinese Society (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1978), pp. 269-290.

四、女神與女性特質

• 于君方，〈寶卷文學中的觀音與民間信仰〉，林如主編：《民間信仰與中國文化國際研討會論文集》(台北市：漢學研究中心，1994)，頁333-352。
• Lee, Irwin. “Divinity and Salvation: The Great Goddesses of China.” Asian Folklore Studies 49 (1990): 53-68.
• Poon, Shuk-wah. “Thriving under an Anti-superstition Regime: The Dragon Mother Cult in Yuecheng, Guangdong during the 1930s.” Journal of Chinese Religions, 43.1 (May 2015), pp. 34-58.

五 、通神：性別與神媒 

• Chang, K. C., Art, Myth, and Ritual: The Path to Political Authority in Ancient China (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983), ch. 3 “Shamanism and Politics,” pp. 44-55. (中文譯本: 張光直：《美術神話與祭祀》，第三章，〈巫覡與政治〉)
• 林富士，〈中國六朝時期的巫覡與醫療〉，《中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊》70：1（1999），頁1-39。
• Potter, Jack. “Cantonese Shamanism.” In Arthur Wolf ed., Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1974), pp. 207-231.

六 、儀式與性別  

• 潘淑華、黃永豪，〈文化遺產的保存與傳統的再造: 廣州珠村『乞巧文化節』〉 In Tik-sang Liu ed., Intangible Cultural Heritage and Local Communities in East Asia (Hong Kong: South China Research Center, HKUST, 2011), pp. 237-255.
• Johnson, Elizabeth L. “Grieving for the Dead, Grieving for the Living: Funeral Laments of Hakka Women.” In James Watson and Evelyn Rawski eds., Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Modern China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), pp. 135-163.
• Watson, James L. “Of Flesh and Bones: The Management of Death Pollution in Cantonese Society.” In Maurice Bloch and Jonathan Parry eds., Death and the Regeneration of Life (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), pp. 155-186.

七 、成仙：中國道教中的性別關係

• 張珣，〈幾種道經中對女人身體描述之初探〉，李豐懋、朱榮貴主編，《性別、神格與臺灣宗教論述》 (臺北：中央研究院文哲所籌備處，1997) ，頁23-47。
• Despeux, Catherine & Livia Kohn. Women in Daoism (Cambridge, MA: Three Pines Press, 2003), pp. 1-30.

八 、 成佛：中國佛教中的性別關係 [* Tutorial 2 readings]

• * 永明，《佛教的女性觀》，（台北：佛光文化出版社，1997），頁94-126。
• * Hinsch, Bret. “Confucian Filial Piety and the Construction of the Ideal Chinese Buddhist Woman.” Journal of Chinese Religions, Volume 30, Issue 1, 2002, pp. 49-75.
• 喻松青，〈明清時間民間秘密宗教中的女性〉，《明清白蓮教研究》(四川：成都人民出版社，1987)，頁295-311。

九、日本女性與宗教：神道、佛教與水子供養 [* Tutorial 3 readings]

• Ambros, Barbara R. “Why Study Women in Japanese Religions?” In Women in Japanese Religions (New York: New York University Press, 2015), pp. 1-4.
• Ambros, Barbara R. “Ancient Japanese Mythology: Female Divinities and Immortals.” In Women in Japanese Religions (New York: New York University Press, 2015), pp. 22-39.
• *Hardacre, Helen. Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press,1999), pp. 154-1250.

十、救贖：基督教中兩性關係的變化

• Kung, Hans. Women in Christianity (London, New York: Continuum, 2005), pp. 1-25.
• Bynum, Caroline Walker. “Woman as Body and as Food.” In Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women (California: University of California Press, 1987), pp. 260-276.
• Whitney, E. “The Witch “She”/The Historian “He”: Gender and the Historiography of the European Witch-Hunts.” Journal of Women’s History, vol. 7 no. 3 (1995), pp. 77-101.

十一 、印度教：寡婦、娑提與殖民主義 [* Tutorial 4 readings]

• Midgley, Clare. “Female Emancipation in an Imperial Frame: English Women and the Campaign against Sati (widow‐burning) in India, 1813–30.” Women’s History Review, 9:1 (2000), 95‐121.
• Oldenburg, Veena Talwar. “The Roop Kanwar Case: Feminist Responses.” In John Stratton Hawley, ed., Sati, the Blessing and the Curse: The Burning of Wives in India (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 101-130.

十二、回教：面紗、回教法律與伊斯蘭女性

• Çınar, Alev “Clothing the National Body: Islamic Veiling and Secular Unveiling.” In Modernity, Islam, and Secularism in Turkey: Bodies, Places, and Time (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005), pp. 53-83.
• Andreassen, Rikke and Doutje Lettinga, “Veiled. Debates. Gender and Gender Equality in European National Narratives.” In Politics, Religion and Gender: Framing and Regulating the Veil (Oxon: Routledge, 2012), pp. 17-33.

十三 、總結

• Beata Grant, “Women, Gender, and Religion in Premodern China: A Selected Bibliography of Secondary Sources in Chinese and Western Languages,” Nan Nü 10 (2008), pp. 152-175.

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