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                                                  | Focused Research Theme - Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Stewardship | 
                                                 
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                                              | Introduction: | 
                                             
                                            
                                              Antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of  multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in the healthcare setting and in the  community is a global concern worldwide. A multidisciplinary research group was formed in  early  2000s, initially in response to the emergence of Methicillin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which became endemic in many hospitals in Asia Pacific region.  In recent years, community-acquired MRSA  as well as a  number of MDROs which are resistant to virtually all  currently available drugs are becoming prevalent. The CUHK Department of Microbiology has a  strong interest in understanding the mechanisms of spread of these resistant  organisms and their resistance determinants, and exploring new strategies to combat antimicrobial  resistance.  | 
                                             
                                            
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                                                    | Group Leader: | 
                                                    Prof. Margaret Ip | 
                                                   
                                                  
                                                    | Members:  | 
                                                    Dr.  Irene Ang 
                                                      Ms.  Sau Lai Lui (affiliated to ICM, CUHK) 
                                                      Mr.  Norman Lo 
                                                      Mr. Chris Wong   (PhD student)  
                                                      Mr. Wang Zheng (PhD  student)  | 
                                                   
                                                  
                                                    
                                                   
                                                 
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                                                    | Ongoing research topics: | 
                                                     
                                                  
                                                    
                                                      
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                                                        Mechanisms of resistance determinants and spread of  these determinants. | 
                                                         
                                                      
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                                                        Use of animal models to study pathogenicity of  bacteria. | 
                                                         
                                                      
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                                                        Bacterial genomics and transcriptomes to study phylogenetics and evolution of MRSA, regulatory  mechanisms of resistance and virulence. | 
                                                       
                                                      
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                                                        Molecular typing methods for MRSA and other MDROs. | 
                                                       
                                                      
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                                                        New and alternative treatment options. | 
                                                       
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                                                    | Publications: | 
                                                   
                                                  
                                                    
                                                      
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                                                            | On MRSA: | 
                                                           
                                                          
                                                            
                                                              
                                                                - Chan BCL, Ip M, Gong HS, Lui SL, See RH,  Jolivalt C, Fung KP, Leung PC, Reiner NE,  Lau CBS. Synergistic effects of  diosmetin with erythromycin against ABC transporter over-expressed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) RN4220/pUL5054 and inhibition of MRSA pyruvate  kinase” has been accepted by Phytomedicine (2013, in  press). 
 
                                                                - You  JHS, Chan CY, Wong MY, Ip M. Active Surveillance and Decolonization of  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on Admission to Neonatal  Intensive Care Unit in Hong Kong- A Cost-effectiveness Analysis Infect Cont Hosp  Epid 2012;33:1024-30. Epub 2012 Aug 27. PMID:22961022. 
 
                                                                - Hon  KL, Wang SS, Lee KK, Lee VW, Leung TF, Ip M. Combined  antibiotic/corticosteroid cream in the empirical treatment of  moderate-to-severe eczema: friend or foe? J Drugs Dermatol 2012;11:861-4. 
 
                                                                - Chan BCL, Yu H, Wong CW, Lui SL Jolivalt C,  Ganem-Elbaz C, Paris JM, Morleo B, Litaudon M, Lau CBS, Ip M, Fung KP, Leung PC, Han QB. Quick identification of kuraridin, a noncytotoxic anti-MRSA  (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) agent  from Sophora flavescens using high-speed  counter-current chromatography. J Chromatography B Analyt Technol Biomed  Life Sci  2012, 880:157-162. Epub  2011 Dec 2. 
 
                                                                - Chan BCL, Ip M , Lau CBS, Lui SL,  Jolivalt C, Ganem-Elbaze C, Litaudon M, Reiner NE, Gong HS, See RH, Fung KP, Leung PC. Synergistic  effects of baicalein with ciprofloxacin against NorA over-expressed  methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and inhibition of MRSA pyruvate kinase. J  Ethnopharmacology, 2011;137:767-773.   doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.039. 
 
                                                                - Monecke S, Akpaka P, Borg M, Chow H, Coleman DC ,  Coombs G, Ip M, Jatzwauk L, Jones D, Kadlec K, Kearns A, Laurent F,  O’Brien FG , Pearson J, Ruppelt A, Schwarz S, Scicluna E, Shore A, Slickers P,  Ta HL, Weber S, Ehricht R. A  field guide to pandemic, epidemic and sporadic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus  aureus. PLoS One 2011;6:e17936. 
 
                                                                - You JHS, Mak MMW, To LYT, Ip M*. Complicated Infections with Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus In Hong Kong. J Hosp Infect 2011;78:71-2. Epub 2011 Feb 12. 
 
                                                                - You JHS, Chow SSL, Lui JWW, Ip M. New  target concentrations for vancomycin in Hong Kong. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011;37:83-4.  Epub  2010 Nov 11. 
 
                                                                - Ip M*, Chau SSL, Lui SL, Leung E,  Ling  T. Vancomycin MICs for MRSA in  Hong Kong. IntJ Antimicrob Agents,  2010;36:383-384.
 
                                                                - Nübel U, Roumagnac P , Feldkamp M , Song JH, Ko KS, Huang YC,  Coombs G, Ip M, Westh H, Skov R,  Struelens MJ, Goering RV, Strommenger B, Weller A,  Witte  W, Achtman M. Frequent emergence and limited geographic  dispersal of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Proc Nat  Acad Sci, USA 2008;105: 14130-14135. 
 
                                                                - You JHS, Ip DNC, Wong CTN, Ling T, Lee N, Ip M*.MRSA Bacteremia in Hong Kong. J Hosp Infect 2008;70:379-381. 
 
                                                                - Hon KLE, Leung AKC, Kong AYF, Leung TF, Ip M. Atopic  Dermatitis complicated by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection. J Nat Med Asso 2008; 100:797-800. 
 
                                                                - Lee N,  Cockram CS, Lui G, Lam R, Lam E, Lai R, Ip M*.  A Community Case of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus  aureus Infection. Emerging Infect Dis 2006; 12: 172-174. 
 
                                                                - Hon  KLE, MCA Lam, TF Leung, WYC Kam, MCA Li, Ip M, TF Fok. Clinical features associated with  nasal Staphylococcus aureus colonization in Chinese children with  moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore,  2005; 34: 602-605. 
 
                                                                - Ip M*, Yung RWH, Ng TK, Luk WK, Tse C, Hung P,  Enright M, Lyon DJ. Contemporary Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus  aureus (MRSA) clones in Hong Kong. J Clin Microbiol, 2005;43:  5069-5073. 
 
                                                                - Ip M*, Lyon DJ, Chio F, Cheng AFB. Longitudinal analysis  of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a Hong Kong  Teaching Hospital. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 2004,  25:126-129. 
 
                                                                - Ip M*, Lyon DJ, Chio F,  Enright M, Cheng AF. Characterization  of Hong Kong isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by Phage Typing, Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and Fluorescent  amplified-fragment length polymorphism analysis (FAFLP). J Clin Microbiol 2003, 41: 4980-4985. 
 
                                                                -                                                                 Ip M*. Review: Update on Bacterial Skin Infections – Community acquired Methicillin  resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Hong Kong Journal of  Dermatology & Venereology, 2007.
 
                                                               
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                                                            | On other bacteria: | 
                                                           
                                                          
                                                            
                                                              
                                                                - Clinical  and economic outcomes of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia in Hong Kong. J Hosp Infect (2013, submitted). 
 
                                                                - Lee CC, Lui G, Ip M, Ling TKW, Lee N. Frequent Detection of  Plasmid-mediated Quinolone Resistance (qnr) Genes in Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Blood Isolates, Hong Kong. EurJ Clin Microbiol &  InfectDis 2012;31:3183-9.  doi: 10.1007/s10096-012-1683-x. Epub 2012 Jun 29. 
 
                                                                - Siu LK, Fung CP, Chang FY,  Lee  N, Yeh KM, Koh TH*, Ip M*. Molecular typing and virulence analysis among serotype K1 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from liver abscess  patients and stool carriage  from non-infectious subjects in Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan. J Clin Microbiol 2011;49:3761-3765. doi:  10.1128/JCM.00977-11 
 
                                                                - Lam PKN, Tian Q, Ip M, Gomersall CD. .Effect of Pre-exposure on In vitro Adsorption of  Amikacin by Polyacrylonitrile Hemofilter. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55:3641. 
 
                                                                - Hui D, Ip M, Ling T, Chang, S-C; Liao CH,  Yoo C-G, Udompanich V, Muttalif R, Roa C,  Soepandi P, Mangunnegoro H, Liu H,  Kim DK, Yoon HI, Mogmeud S, Salleh A, Mendoza M, Fajardo-Ang C, Isbaniah F, Burhan E. A multicentre surveillance study on the characteristics, bacterial  etiologies and in-vitro antibiotic  susceptibilities in patients with  acute exacerbations of COPD. Respirology 2011;16:532-539. 
 
                                                                -  KJ, Ip M, Ker HB, Mendoza M, Hsu L, Kiratisin P, Chongthaleong A, Redjeki IS, Quintana A, Flamm R, Garcia J, Cassettari M, Cooper D, Okolo P, Morrissey I. In vitro activity of doripenem and other carbapenems  against contemporary gram-negative pathogens isolated from hospitalised  patients in the Asia-Pacific Region: Results of the COMPACT Asia Pacific Study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 36:501-6. 
 
                                                                - Wong GKC, Ip M, Poon WS,  Mak CWK, Ng RY.  Antibiotics-impregnated ventricular catheter versus  Systemic antibiotics for prevention of nosocomial cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and non-CSF infections: A prospective randomized clinical trial. Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry,  2010;81:1064-7.  
 
                                                                - You JHS, Chow TCP, Yeung AWC, Lee N, Ip M*. Acinetobacter  baumannii bacteraemia in Hong Kong. J Hosp Infect 2010;75:81. Epub 2010 Mar 29. 
 
                                                                - Lam PKN, Tian Q, Ip M, Gomersall CD.. In vitro adsorption of gentamicin and netilmicin by polyacrylonitrile and polyamide  hemofiltration filters. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54:963 - 965. 
 
                                                                - Broughton EI, Ip M, Coles CL, Walker DG.  Hospital costs and lengths of stay associated with fluoroquinolone-resistant  salmonella infections in Hong Kong. J Public Health 2010;32:165-72. 
 
                                                                - You JHS, Mok SSM, Chang CCM, Lee N, Ip M*. Bacteraemia with Extended-Spectrum  Beta-Lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in Hong Kong. Int J AntimicrobAgents. 2009;34:605-616. 
 
                                                                - Tian Q, Gomersall CD, Ip M, Tan PE, Joynt GM,  Choi  GYS. Adsorption of amikacin: a significant mechanism of elimination by hemofiltration. Antimicrobial Agents  & Chemother 2008;52:1009-13. 
 
                                                                - You JHS, Kei HW, Lau WC,  Wong  KY, Marasinghe T, Lee N, Ip M*. Are beta-lactams related to higher morbidity and  mortality in urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum  B-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli? J HospInfect, 2008;68:181-3. 
 
                                                                - You JHS, Lo LPY, Chung IYK, Marasinghe T, Lee N, Ip M*, Effect of an Antimicrobial Stewardship  Programme on the use of Carbapenems in a Hong Kong Teaching Hospital – A Pilot  Study. J Hosp Infect 2007,65:378-9. 
 
                                                                -  M*, Lui  SL, Chau SSL, Lung I, Burd  A. The Prevalence of Resistance to Silver in a Burns  Unit. J Hosp Infect 2006; 63: 342-344. 
 
                                                                - Ip M*, Lui SL, Poon  VKM,
 
                                                                - Lung I,   Burd A.  Antimicrobial Activities of Silver Dressings – an In Vitro Comparison.  J  Med Microbiol 2006;  55(Pt  1): 59-63. 
 
                                                                - Ip M, Au C, Cheung SW, Chan CY and Cheng AFB. A  rapid high performance liquid chromatographic assay for the new B-lactams. Journal  of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 1998;42:121-3. 
 
                                                                - Li PKT, M Ip, MC Law, CC  Szeto, CB Leung, TYH Wong, KKL Ho, AYM Wang, SF Lui, AWY Yu, DJ Lyon, AFB  Cheng, KN Lai. Use of intraperitoneal cefepime as monotherapy in treatment of  CAPD peritonitis. Peritoneal Dialysis International; 2000; 20: 232-241. 
 
                                                                - Ip M. Antimicrobial Resistance – The Challenge Ahead. Topical Update – The  Hong Kong College of Pathologists, Newsletter 2009;1:4-7. 
 
                                                                - Ip M. Antibiotic Resistance: the Local Scenario. Bulletin of the Hong Kong  Society for Infectious Diseases, 2007: Mar, vol.11.No.1 . 
 
                                                                - Ip  M. Moxifloxacin. Medical  Progress 2001; 28: 45-48.   
 
                                                                - Ip M. ABCs of  Antimicrobial Resistance. Hong Kong Medical Diary 2003; 8: 8-11.
 
                                                               
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                                                            | Book Chapters | 
                                                           
                                                          
                                                             Chapter title: “Role of medicinal herbs in treatment against  methicillin-resistant  Staphylococus aureus (MRSA) infections.” Chan  BCL, Ip M,  Lau CBS,  Han QB, Jolivalt C,  Paris JM, Reiner NE,  See RH, Fung KP,  Leung PC. Book title: Recent  Progress in Medicinal Plants; vol. 34, 2012. ( http://star-bk.com/pic/pdf/1933699248.pdf).
                                                               Chapter title: “Chinese medicinal  herbs against antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens.” Book title: “Science against  microbial pathogens: communicating current research and technological advances” Chan BCL, Lau CBS,  Jolivalt C, Lui SL, Ganem-Elbaz C, Paris JM, Litaudon M, Fung KP,  Leung PC and Ip M *. 2012, Publisher: Formatex  Research Center (http://www.formatex.org/microbiology3/chapters2.html). 
                                                              Chapter 16: Antimicrobial Dressings. Ip M*. Book  title: “Advanced Wound Repair Therapies “  Woodhead Publishing - Edited by David Farrar  & Bryan Greener, 2012.  
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